q r r
29 lemmas · 7 languages
geminateSecond and third consonants are identical (ḥ-b-b 'love'). Surface forms often show a doubled consonant (mediae geminatae).T Job.37.9
Themes:cold·18cool·8coldness·4become·2temperature·2
POS shape:noun·16verb·8adj·5
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*q-r-rProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewקַרק ר ר— cold
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicקררק ר ר— to be cold
Syriacܩܪܬܐܩ ܪ ܪ— cold, coldness
Assyrian NAܡܲܩܸܪܩ ܪ ܪ— to cool, cool down
Arabic
Arabicقَرَّق ر ر— to be or become cold, to be cool, to be chilly
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezኮርק ר ר— saddle
Amharicቁርቁራቀ ረ ረ— buffalo thorn, Ziziphus mauritiana
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- to be cold
Classical Syriac
syc · 2 lemmas- cold, coldnessFrom the root ܩ ܪ ܪ related to coldness. Compare Arabic قِرَّة (qirra) and Hebrew קָרָה (qārâ).
- frog, toadFrom Egyptian qrr, q:r:r-I7 Compare Egyptian Arabic يَقْرُور (yaqrūr).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- to cool, cool downCausative of ܩܵܐܹܪ (qāˀēr); compare Hebrew קֵרֵר (kerér) and הֵקֵר (hekér).
- to be/become cold, cool downFrom Aramaic קְרַר (qərar); compare Arabic قَرَّ (qarra) and Hebrew הִתְקָרֵר (hitkarér).
- to be cold, to cool downFrom a modified form of Aramaic קְרַר (qərar); doublet of ܩܵܪܹܪ (qārēr).
- becoming cold, coolingVerbal noun of ܩܵܐܹܪ (qāˀēr, “to become cold”).
- cold, coldness (condition of low temperature)Inherited from Aramaic קַרְתָּא (qarətā); related to Arabic قِرَّة (qirra) and Hebrew קָרָה (kará).
▸ 2 derivations
- relatedܩܲܪܝܼܪܵܐqarīrā
- relatedܝܲܘܡܵܐ ܕܩܲܪܬ݂ܵܐyawmā d-qarṯā
- vial (glass vessel or bottle, especially a small tube-shaped bottle used to store medicine, perfume or other chemicals)Inherited from Aramaic קָרוֹרָא (qārūrā), from Arabic قَارُورَة (qārūra). Believed to be from the root from the idea of the glass “standing still” or “chilling” after being shaped.
- cold, frigidInherited from Aramaic קַרִּירָא (qarīrā); related to Hebrew קַר (kar) and Arabic قَرّ (qarr) as well as Arabic قَرِير (qarīr). Of the adjective pattern 1a22ī3ā.
- cold, frigidity, cold temperatureFrom ܩܲܪܝܼܪܵܐ (qarīrā, “cold”) + -ܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (-ūṯā, the abstract noun ending).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- coldCognate with Arabic قَرّ (qarr).
- defective spelling of קורCognate with Arabic قَرّ (qarr).
- to cool
- cold, coldness
- feminine singular indefinite form of קַר (qár): cold.
- frost, cold weather
- refrigerator (a household or commercial appliance used for keeping food fresh by refrigeration (short form fridge))
- to cool, to refrigerate
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to be or become cold, to be cool, to be chillyFrom the root ق ر ر (q r r). Compare Hebrew קַר (qar, “cold”).
- cool, cold, chillyFrom the root ق ر ر (q r r). Compare Hebrew קַר (qar, “cold”).
- verbal noun of قَرَّ (qarra, “to be cold”) (form I)From the root ق ر ر (q r r). Compare Hebrew קַר (qar, “cold”).
- cold, coolness, coldness, chilliness, frigidityFrom the root ق ر ر (q r r). Compare Hebrew קַר (qar, “cold”).
- quiet, still, at restDerived from the active participle of قَرَّ (qarra, “to be settled, to be cold”).
- freshness, cold
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedقُرَّة الْعَيْنqurra al-ʕayn
- any means to soothe inflammation of the eye
- to fix, to settle
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- saddleFrom Arabic كُور (kūr).
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- buffalo thorn, Ziziphus mauritiana