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q r n

31 lemmas · 9 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular📜 Exod.34.29
Themes:horn·7associated·3growth·2animals·2antler·2
POS shape:noun·19verb·6name·4adj·2

This root is attested across 9 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.

Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family

*q-r-nProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadianqarnumq r n— horn
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎖𐎗𐎐𐎖 𐎗 𐎐— horn
Canaanite
Hebrewקֶרֶןק ר ן— horn (a hard growth of keratin that protrudes from the top of the head of certain animals, usually paired)
Phoenician𐤒𐤓𐤍𐤒 𐤓 𐤍
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicקרנאק ר נ— horn (growth on heads of animals and musical instrument)
Syriacܩܪܢܐܩ ܪ ܢ— horn, antler; claw (of a crab)
Assyrian NAܩܲܪܢܵܐܩ ܪ ܢ— horn, antler
Arabic
Arabicقَرَنَق ر ن— to join, to couple, to yoke (بَيْنَ (bayna) "objects" or "accusative object" بِ (bi) "object")
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Tigrinyaቀርኒቀ ረ ነ— horn

Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.

Akkadian

akk · 1 lemma
  • nouninferredWiktionary ↗
    horn
    From Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- (“horn”). Cognate with Arabic قَرْن (qarn) and Biblical Hebrew קֶרֶן (qɛ́rɛn).

Ugaritic

irregular reflexug · 1 lemma
  • qrnnouninferredWiktionary ↗
    horn
    From Proto-Semitic *ḳarn-.

Phoenician

irregular reflexphn · 1 lemma

Imperial Aramaic

arc · 1 lemma
  • nouninferred𐡀 tg. Jon. 1 Sam 16:13Wiktionary ↗
    horn (growth on heads of animals and musical instrument)
    From Proto-Semitic *ḳarn-.

Classical Syriac

syc · 5 lemmas
  • qarnānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    horn, antler; claw (of a crab)
    From Proto-Semitic *ḳarn-; compare Akkadian 𒋛 (qarnum), Arabic قَرْن (qarn), Hebrew קֶרֶן (qéren), Ugaritic 𐎖𐎗𐎐 (qrn).
  • nameinferredWiktionary ↗
    Qur'an
    From Arabic اَلْقُرْآن (al-qurʔān).
  • nouninferredWiktionary ↗
    emphatic plural of ܩܪܢܐ
  • qronosnameinferredWiktionary ↗
    Cronus
    From Ancient Greek Κρόνος (Krónos).
  • qūrnīṯānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    oregano, marjoram, mint
    Compare Akkadian 𒌑𒄥𒉡𒌋 (/⁠qurnû⁠/, “unidentified garden plant or herb, condiment”), Hebrew קוֹרָנִית (qôrānîṯ).

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

aii · 3 lemmas
  • qarnānounattestedWiktionary ↗
    horn, antler
    Inherited from Aramaic קַרְנָא (qarnā), from Proto-Semitic *ḳarn-; compare Akkadian 𒋛 (qarnum), Arabic قَرْن (qarn), Hebrew קֶרֶן (kéren), Ugaritic 𐎖𐎗𐎐 (qrn).
    ▸ 5 derivations
  • qurnīṯānounattestedWiktionary ↗
    corner (inner corner of a building)
    Derived from ܩܲܪܢܵܐ (qarnā, “horn”). Also in Turoyo ܩܘܪܢܝܬ݂ܐ (qurniṯo).
    ▸ 2 derivations
  • qarnāḇīṭānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    cauliflower
    Borrowed from Arabic قَرْنَبِيط (qarnabīṭ), from Ancient Greek κραμβίδιον (krambídion), the diminutive of κράμβη (krámbē) hence doublet of ܟܪܲܒܵܐ (krabbā, “cabbage”).

Hebrew

he · 8 lemmas

Arabic

ar · 8 lemmas
  • qaranaverbattested☪︎ Q.4:38Wiktionary ↗
    to join, to couple, to yoke (بَيْنَ (bayna) "objects" or "accusative object" بِ (bi) "object")
  • ʔaqranaverbattested☪︎ Q.4:38Wiktionary ↗
    to combine, interrelate
  • ʔaqranadjattested☪︎ Q.4:38Wiktionary ↗
    horned (having horns)
    Color or defect adjective from the root ق ر ن (q r n).
  • qāranaverbattested☪︎ Q.4:38Wiktionary ↗
    to become associated with
  • qarīnadjattested☪︎ Q.4:38Wiktionary ↗
    affiliated, associated, combined, connected, joined, linked, united with
    Compare قَرَنَ (qarana, “to connect”).
    ▸ 6 derivations
  • qarīnnounattested☪︎ Q.4:38Wiktionary ↗
    associate, chum, coeval, colleague, companion, compeer, comrade, confidant, contemporary, crony, counterpart, fellow, friend, mate
    Compare قَرَنَ (qarana, “to connect”).
  • iqtaranaverbattested☪︎ Q.4:38Wiktionary ↗
    to get connected, joined, linked, married to, to get associated, combined, united, yoked with, to bound together, interconnect, couple, interlinked, concatenate
  • qarīnanounattested☪︎ Q.4:38Wiktionary ↗
    wife, spouse, consort, helpmate, helpmeet

Tigrinya

ti · 3 lemmas

Related rootsshare 2 of 3 consonants with q-r-n

Compare two languages side-by-side

akk ↔ ugakk ↔ phnakk ↔ arcakk ↔ sycakk ↔ aii