q r ʾ
33 lemmas · 8 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.📜 Gen.1.5
Themes:read· قَرَأَ · קָרָא·10call·6cause·5study·3shout·2
POS shape:verb·15noun·14adj·2root·1name·1
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*q-r-ʾProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎖𐎗𐎀𐎖 𐎗 𐎀— to call, call upon
Canaanite
Hebrewקָרָאק ר א— to read
Phoenician𐤒𐤓𐤀𐤒 𐤓 𐤀— to call
Punic𐤒𐤓𐤀𐤒 𐤓 𐤀— to call
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicקראק ר א— to call
Syriacܩܪܘܝܐܩ ܪ ܐ— caller
Assyrian NAܩܵܪܹܐܩ ܪ ܐ— to read
Arabic
Arabicأَقْرَأَق ر ء— to cause one to read or study, to cause one to know something by putting together information
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- to call, call uponFrom Proto-Semitic *ḳ-r-ʔ. Compare Arabic قَرَأَ (qaraʔa) and Biblical Hebrew קָרָא (qārâ).
Phoenician
irregular reflexphn · 1 lemma- to call
Punic
irregular reflexpun · 1 lemma- to call
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- to callCompare Hebrew קָרָא (qará).
Classical Syriac
syc · 5 lemmas- callerFrom the root ܩ ܪ ܐ related to calling.
- call, vocationFrom the root ܩ ܪ ܐ related to calling. Compare Arabic ق ر ء (q r ʔ), Hebrew ק־ר־א.
- shout, cry, exclamationFrom the root ܩ ܪ ܐ related to calling. Compare Arabic قِرَاءَة (qirāʔa) and Hebrew קְרִיאָה (qərîʾâ).
- drove, flock, herd of animals (especially cattle)Compare Arabic بَقَرَة (baqara) and Hebrew בָּקָר (bāqār).
- gourd, pumpkinIn Jewish Babylonian Aramaic קַרְעָא (qarʿā), קַרָא m (qarā, “pumpkin, gourd”), Jewish Palestinian Aramaic קרייה f (“gourd”), Christian Palestinian Aramaic ܩܪܝ f (“gourd”), Mishnaic Hebrew קרויה (qērūyā, “dried bottle gourd”), apparently metathetical to Hebrew קְעָרָה (qəʿārā, “bowl, basin”), Arabic قَعْر (qaʕr,…
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- to readFrom Aramaic קְרָא (qərā), from Proto-Semitic *ḳaraʔ-; related to Arabic قَرَأَ (qaraʔa), Hebrew קָרָא (kará) and Akkadian 𒆠𒊒𒌝 (qerûm).
- to cause one to read or studyCausitive stem of the verb ܩܵܪܹܐ (qārē, “to read”).
- readingVerbal noun of ܩܵܪܹܐ (qārē, “to read; to call”).
- read, recitedPassive participle of ܩܵܪܹܐ (qārē, “to read; to call”).
- lessonOf the noun pattern 1i23ānā; compare Arabic قُرْآن (qurʔān).
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedܟܘܼܢܵܫ ܩܸܪ̈ܝܵܢܹܐkūnāš qiryānē
- derivedܚܘܼܪܙܵܐ ܕܩܸܪ̈ܝܵܢܹܐḥurzā d-qiryānē
- shout, cry, exclamationInstance noun of ܩܵܪܹܐ (qārē, “to read; to call”); cognate to Arabic قِرَاءَة (qirāʔa) and Hebrew קְרִיאָה (qri'á).
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedܝܸܡ ܩܪܵܝܬܵܐyim qrāytā
- derivedܝܲܕ݂ܥܵܐ ܕܩܪܵܝܬܵܐyaḏˁā dqrāytā
- gourd, pumpkinCompare also in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic קַרְעָא (qarʿā), קַרָא m (qarā, “pumpkin, gourd”), Jewish Palestinian Aramaic קרייה f (“gourd”), Christian Palestinian Aramaic ܩܪܝ f (“gourd”), Mishnaic Hebrew קרויה (qērūyā, “dried bottle gourd”) and borrowed into Arabic قَرْع (qarʕ); compare also apparently metathetical to…
- forming words pertaining to callingFrom Proto-Semitic; compare Hebrew ק־ר־א (q-r-ʾ) and Arabic ق ر ء (q-r-ʔ)
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- to read
- announcement, declaration
▸ 5 derivations
- derivedמקרא קודשmikrá kódesh
- derivedמִקְרָא קֹדֶשׁmikrá kódesh
- derivedמִקְרָאִיmikra'í
- derivedעִבְרִית מִקְרָאִית'ivrít mikra'ít
- derivedמִקְרָאוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹתmikra'ót gedolót
- to be read
- A reader.The noun sense derives from the verb sense.
- Masculine singular present participle and present tense of קרא (kará).The noun sense derives from the verb sense.
- legible, readableFrom the root ק־ר־א
- to read aloud; to recite
- Leviticus (the third of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible; the third book in the Torah)The third book of the Torah is named after the first occuring word, literally “And he called”.
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to cause one to read or study, to cause one to know something by putting together information
- to cause oneself to read or study, to cause oneself to learn knowledge or a science of something
- bookworm
- reciter of a Qur'anDerived from the active participle of the verb أَقْرَأَ (ʔaqraʔa).
- synonym of قَرَأَ (qaraʔa): to read
- to be read
- verbal noun of قَرَأَ (qaraʔa) (form I)From the root ق ر ء (q r ʔ), related to reading.
▸ 2 derivations
- relatedقَرَأَqaraʔa
- relatedاَلْقِرَاءَات اَلسَّبْعal-qirāʔāt as-sabʕ
- to examine, to investigate