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m r r

32 lemmas · 8 languages
geminateSecond and third consonants are identical (ḥ-b-b 'love'). Surface forms often show a doubled consonant (mediae geminatae).📜 Exod.15.23
Themes:bitter·7gall·4bladder·3bitterness·3bile·3
POS shape:noun·21adj·7name·2verb·2

This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.

Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family

*m-r-rProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadianmarrumm r r— bitter, brackish, biting
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewמַרמ ר ר— bitter (having an acrid taste)
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicמררתאמ ר ר— gall bladder
Syriacܡܪܐܡ ܪ ܪ— lord, master, ruler
Assyrian NAܡܵܐܹܪܡ ܪ ܪ— to be/become bitter
Arabic
Arabicمَرَّم ر ر— to pass, to elapse, to go by, to cross
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezምረርመ ረ ረ— bitterness, acridity, acerbity
Amharicመራራመ ረ ረ— bitter

Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.

Akkadian

akk · 3 lemmas
  • adjinferredWiktionary ↗
    bitter, brackish, biting
    Compare Arabic مُرّ (murr), Hebrew מַר (mar), Classical Syriac ܡܪܝܪܐ (marrīrā), and Ugaritic 𐎎𐎗 (mr).
  • nameinferredWiktionary ↗
    Amorite
    Unknown
    ▸ 2 derivations
  • nouninferredWiktionary ↗
    west
    From 𒀭𒈥𒌅 (Amurrum, “Amurru”), the country of the Amorites, who lived in a region west of Mesopotamia.

Imperial Aramaic

arc · 1 lemma

Classical Syriac

syc · 5 lemmas

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

aii · 5 lemmas
  • māˀērverbattestedWiktionary ↗
    to be/become bitter
    Inherited from Aramaic [Term?].
  • mrārānounattestedWiktionary ↗
    bitterness
    Derived from the verb ܡܵܝܹܪ (māyēr, “to be/become bitter”).
  • mirṯānounattestedWiktionary ↗
    gall, bile, humor
    From Aramaic מֵּרְתָא (merrəṯā); compare Arabic مِرَّة (mirra), Hebrew מָרָה (mará).
  • marīrāadjattestedWiktionary ↗
    bitter (in taste)
    From Aramaic מַרִירָא (marīrā); related to Arabic مُرّ (murr), Hebrew מַר (mar) and Akkadian 𒋀 (marru). Of the adjective pattern 1a22ī3ā.
  • mrārtānounattestedWiktionary ↗
    gall bladder
    Inherited from Aramaic מְּרָרתָּא (mrārtā); compare Arabic مَرَارَة (marāra) and Hebrew מְרוֹרָה (mərôrâ).

Hebrew

he · 7 lemmas
  • maradjattested📜 Exod.30.23Wiktionary ↗
    bitter (having an acrid taste)
    Compare Arabic مُرّ (murr), Classical Syriac ܡܪܝܪܐ (marrīrā), Akkadian 𒋀 (marru), and Ugaritic 𐎎𐎗 (mr).
  • mórnounattested📜 Exod.30.23Wiktionary ↗
    myrrh
    Compare Aramaic מוּרָא (mūrā), Arabic مُرّ (murr), Akkadian 𒄑𒋆𒋀 (/⁠murru⁠/).
  • maránounattested📜 Exod.15.23Wiktionary ↗
    bile
    ▸ 1 derivation
  • marórnounattested✡︎ m. Pes. 10:4Wiktionary ↗
    maror (a bitter vegetable, such as horseradish or Romaine lettuce, eaten at the Passover seder as a reminder of the bitterness of slavery in Egypt)
    Compare מַר (már, “bitter”).
  • maríradjattestedWiktionary ↗
    bitter
  • mórnouninferred📜 Exod.30.23Wiktionary ↗
    defective spelling of מור
  • shomér-róshnouninferredWiktionary ↗
    A (male) bodyguard: a (male) person responsible for protecting an individual.
    From שׁוֹמֵר (shomér) + רֹאשׁ (rósh); hence literally “head guard”.

Arabic

ar · 8 lemmas
  • marraverbattested☪︎ Q.2:229Wiktionary ↗
    to pass, to elapse, to go by, to cross
    ▸ 1 derivation
  • marrnounattested☪︎ Q.2:229Wiktionary ↗
    passing, passage, going by, transit
  • ʔamarradjattested☪︎ Q.2:229Wiktionary ↗
    elative degree of مَرِير (marīr)
    Elative of مُرّ (murr, “bitter, severe, sharp, painful”) and مَرِير (marīr, “firm, strong”).
  • mārradjattested☪︎ Q.2:229Wiktionary ↗
    passing
    Derived from the active participle of مَرَّ (marra, “to pass, to stroll by”).
  • mārrnounattested☪︎ Q.2:229Wiktionary ↗
    passer-by, pedestrian, walker, stroller
    Derived from the active participle of مَرَّ (marra, “to pass, to stroll by”).
  • marranounattested☪︎ Q.2:229Wiktionary ↗
    a time, instance, occurrence
    ▸ 2 derivations
  • mirranounattested☪︎ Q.2:229Wiktionary ↗
    bile
  • mamarrnounattested☪︎ Q.2:229Wiktionary ↗
    passageway, corridor
    Noun of place from the verb مَرَّ (marra, “to pass”).

Ge'ez

gez · 2 lemmas
  • mərärnounattestedWiktionary ↗
    bitterness, acridity, acerbity
    Compare Hebrew מַר (mar), Hebrew מָרַר, Arabic مُرّ (murr), Classical Syriac ܡܪܐ, etc.
  • maʾrärnouninferredWiktionary ↗
    harvest, the action of reaping crops
    Derived from አረረ (ʾärärä, “reap, gather, harvest”), a secondary form of አረየ (ʾäräyä, “gather, glean, separate”)

Amharic

am · 1 lemma
  • märaraadjinferredWiktionary ↗
    bitter
    Related to Arabic مُرّ (murr, “bitter”).

Related rootsshare 2 of 3 consonants with m-r-r

Compare two languages side-by-side

akk ↔ arcakk ↔ sycakk ↔ aiiakk ↔ heakk ↔ ar