t m r
30 lemmas · 10 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular📜 Gen.14.7
Themes:date·10fruit· فَاكِهَة · פְּרִי·7palm·3tree· شَجَرَة · עֵץ·3dates·2
POS shape:noun·17verb·9name·4
This root is attested across 10 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*t-m-rProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadiantumrumt m r— cinder, ashes, ember, (glowing) charcoal
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewתַּדְמוֹרת מ ר— Tadmor, a town built by Solomon after his conquest of Hamath-zobah.
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicתמרת מ ר— to wink, to blink
Syriacܬܡܪܐܬ ܡ ܪ— eyelid; eyelash
Assyrian NAܬܲܡܪܵܐܬ ܡ ܪ— date (the fruit of the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, somewhat in the shape of an olive, containing a soft, sweet pulp and enclosing a hard kernel)
Arabic
Arabicتَمْرَةت م ر— singulative of تَمْر (tamr, “dates (fruit)”)
South Semitic
Old South Arabian
Sabaean𐩩𐩣𐩧𐩩 𐩣 𐩧— dates
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezተምርተ መ ረ— date (fruit and tree)
Amharicተማሪተ መ ረ— student
Tigrinyaተምሪተ መ ረ— date (fruit and tree – one or many)
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Akkadian
akk · 1 lemma- cinder, ashes, ember, (glowing) charcoalCompare Ugaritic 𐎓𐎎𐎗 (ʿmr, “ashes”).
Sabaean
irregular reflexsab · 1 lemma- dates
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 3 lemmas- to wink, to blink
- eyelidCognate to a Hebrew hapax in Psalm 77, 5 transmitted שְׁמֻרֹות (šəmūrōṯ, “eyelids”) of which the singular is conjectured שְׁמֻרָה (šəmūrā), however Paul Haupt recommends to vocalize שִׁמֻּרֹות (šimmūrōṯ) in view of Jewish Literary Aramaic תִּמּוּרְתָּא (timmūrtā, “eyelid”). Related further to Arabic ثَمَلَ (ṯamala,…
- date (fruit)
Classical Syriac
syc · 2 lemmas- eyelid; eyelashSee תּֽמְרָא (timrā).
- date palm, dateCognate to Arabic ثَمَر (ṯamar, “fruit”).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 3 lemmas- date (the fruit of the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, somewhat in the shape of an olive, containing a soft, sweet pulp and enclosing a hard kernel)Inherited from Aramaic תַּמְרָא (tamrā, “date; date palm”), from Proto-Semitic; compare Classical Syriac ܬܡܪܬܐ (tmarṯā), Hebrew תָּמָר (tamár), Arabic ثَمَر (ṯamar, “fruits”) and تَمْر (tamr, “date”)
- alternative form of ܬܲܡܪܵܐ ܗܸܢܕܘܵܝܵܐ (tamrā hindwāyā, “tamarind”)Literally, “date of India”.
- tamarindCalque of Arabic تَمْر هِنْدِيّ (tamr hindiyy, literally “Indian date”); compare also borrowed into Classical Syriac ܬܡܪܗܢܕܝ (tāmarhendī).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- Tadmor, a town built by Solomon after his conquest of Hamath-zobah.Possibly from the root ת־מ־ר (t-m-r) and thus, possibly cognate with Hebrew תָּמָר (tamár, “date, date palm”).
- signpost, guidepostUncertain.
- date (the fruit of the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, somewhat in the shape of an olive, containing a soft, sweet pulp and enclosing a hard kernel)An early borrowing from Aramaic תמרא (tamrā, tamrē, təmārā); cognate with Arabic ثَمَر (ṯamar, “fruit; crops”) and fellow borrowing تَمْر (tamr, “date”).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedאַמְנוֹן וְתָמָרamnón vetamár
- a female given name, TamarAn early borrowing from Aramaic תמרא (tamrā, tamrē, təmārā); cognate with Arabic ثَمَر (ṯamar, “fruit; crops”) and fellow borrowing تَمْر (tamr, “date”).
- Second-person masculine singular future (prefix conjugation) of אָמַר (amár).
- a male given name
- (she/it) said: third-person feminine singular vav-consecutive imperfect (hence past tense) of אָמַר (amár).
- Third-person feminine plural future (prefix conjugation) of אָמַר (amár).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- singulative of تَمْر (tamr, “dates (fruit)”)
- to roll around, to wallow (e.g. in dust, dirt, mud)
- timar (Ottoman land grant)From Ottoman Turkish تیمار (timar), from Middle Persian [script needed] (tymʾl /tēmār/).
- Timur, Tamerlane (1336–1405), Turco-Mongol conqueror and founder of the Timurid Empire.Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish تيمور (Tīmūr), ultimately from Chagatai تیمور (temür).
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- date (fruit and tree)From Arabic تَمْر (tamr).
Amharic
am · 2 lemmas- studentRelated to Ge'ez ተመሃሪ (tämähari).
- date (fruit and tree)From Arabic تَمْر (tamr).
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- date (fruit and tree – one or many)From Arabic تَمْر (tamr).