ḥ m r
39 lemmas · 12 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular📜 Gen.33.19
Themes:donkey· حِمَار · חֲמוֹר·10red· أَحْمَر · אָדוֹם·5tamarind·5wine· خَمْر · יַיִן·4ass· حِمَار · חֲמוֹר·3
POS shape:noun·28verb·4adj·4name·1phrase·1other·1
This root is attested across 12 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ḥ-m-rProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎈𐎎𐎗𐎈 𐎎 𐎗— donkey
Canaanite
Hebrewחֶמֶרח מ ר— wine
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicחַמְרָאח מ ר— wine
Syriacܚܡܪܐܚ ܡ ܪ— wine
Assyrian NAܚܵܡܹܪܚ ܡ ܪ— to ferment
Turoyoܚܡܪܐܚ ܡ ܪ— donkey
Western NAܚܡܪܐܚ ܡ ܪ— donkey
Arabic
Arabicحَمَّرَح م ر— to redden, to color or dye red
South Semitic
Old South Arabian
Sabaean𐩢𐩣𐩧𐩢 𐩣 𐩧— donkey
OSA𐩢𐩣𐩧𐩢 𐩣 𐩧— donkey
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezሐመርሐ መ ረ— ship
Tigrinyaሕሞርሐ መ ረ— alternative form of ሖመር (ḥomär, “tamarind”)
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- donkeyCompare Hebrew חֲמוֹר (ḥămōr), Aramaic חֲמָרָא (ḥămārā), Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār).
Sabaean
irregular reflexsab · 1 lemma- donkey
Old South Arabian
irregular reflexosa · 1 lemma- donkey
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 3 lemmas- wineCompare Arabic خَمْر (ḵamr, “wine”) and Hebrew חֶמֶר (chémer, “wine”).
- donkey, assCompare Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār), Hebrew חֲמוֹר (khamór, ḥămōr).
- vintner
Classical Syriac
syc · 6 lemmas- wineFrom the root ܚ ܡ ܪ.
- globule, any round objectFrom the root ܚ ܡ ܪ related to being joined, possibly metathesized from Middle Iranian *muhr-. Compare Middle Persian muhr, muhrag and Persian مهره (mohra).
- ferment, leaven, yeastCompare Arabic خَمِيرة (ḵamīra).
- donkey, she-ass, jennyFrom Proto-Semitic *ḥ-m-r. Compare Hebrew חֲמוֹרָה (ḥămôrâ).
- Himyarite
- bubale, antelopeCompare Arabic يَحْمُور (yaḥmūr), Hebrew יַחְמוּר (yaḥmûr).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 4 lemmas- to fermentSee ܚܲܡܪܵܐ (ḥamrā, “wine”).
- wine (an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grape juice, with an ABV ranging from 5.5–16%)Inherited from Aramaic חַמְרָא (ḥamrā); compare Arabic خَمْر (ḵamr) and Hebrew חֶמֶר (chémer). The latter noun is an occupational noun derived from the former.
- donkey, ass, jackInherited from Aramaic חֲמָרָא (ḥămārā), from Proto-Semitic *ḥimār- (“donkey”); compare Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār), Hebrew חֲמוֹר (khamór). The latter noun is an occupational noun derived from the former.
▸ 7 derivations
- derivedܚܡܵܪ ܝܵܡܵܐḥmār yāmā
- derivedܚܡܵܪ ܡܲܝ̈ܵܐḥmār mayyā
- derivedܚܡܵܪ ܩܲܝܣܵܐḥmār qaysā
- derivedܚܡܵܪܘܼܬ݂ܵܐḥmārūṯā
- derivedܚܡܵܪܵܐ ܗܸܢܕܘܵܝܵܐḥmārā hindwāyā
- derivedܚܡܵܪܵܝܵܐḥmārāyā
- derivedܚܡܵܪܵܢܵܐḥmārānā
- phrase used to convey someone is unintelligentLiterally, “A donkey is tied to his leg.”
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- wineCognate with Arabic خَمْر (ḵamr).
- clay, (especially architecture) mortar.
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedקל וחומרkál vakhómer
- derivedקַל וָחֹמֶרkál vakhómer
- jackass, donkey (a domestic animal, Equus asinus asinus, similar to a horse)From Proto-Semitic *ḥimār- (“donkey”). Cognate with Arabic حِمَار (ḥimār). Called after their reddish-brown to gray color, which they share with clay, whose Hebrew equivalent חֹמֶר (khómer) originates from the same root. For a similar etymology, cf. Spanish burro (“donkey”) from Latin burrus (“red, reddish-brown”).…
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedחֲמוֹר נוֹשֵׂא סְפָרִיםkhamór nosé sfarím
- severe, grave, serious, critical, drastic.
- seriousness, severity
- hardware
- fallow deerCompare Arabic يَحْمُور (yaḥmūr, “roe deer”).
- strict, stringentPresent participle of הֶחְמִיר (hekhmír).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to redden, to color or dye redCausative to أَحْمَر (ʔaḥmar, “red”).
- tamarindFrom أَحْمَر (ʔaḥmar, “red”) for the red colour of the fruits.
- redColor or defect adjective from the root ح م ر (ḥ m r).
- to turn red
- redness, red, the quality of being red
- singulative of حُمَر (ḥumar, “tamarind”)
- roasted; friedDerived from the passive participle of the verb حَمَّرَ (ḥammara).
- to liken to donkey (to consider as gullible)
Ge'ez
gez · 2 lemmas- shipPossibly related to Arabic حَمَلَ (ḥamala), Classical Syriac ܚܡܰܠ, Hebrew חָמַר.
- tamarind (fruit and tree)Borrowed from Arabic حُمَر (ḥumar, “tamarind”).
Tigrinya
ti · 3 lemmas- alternative form of ሖመር (ḥomär, “tamarind”)
- tamarind (fruit and tree)Borrowed from Arabic حُمَر (ḥumar, “tamarind”).
- navel
Turoyo
tru · 1 lemma- donkey
Western Neo-Aramaic
amw · 1 lemma- donkey