g m r
33 lemmas · 9 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular📜 Gen.10.2
Themes:coal·6live·4complete· كَامِل · שָׁלֵם·4completely·3entirely·3
POS shape:noun·16verb·9adv·3adj·3phrase·2
This root is attested across 9 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*g-m-rProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadiangamārumg m r— completeness, finality
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎂𐎎𐎗𐎂 𐎎 𐎗— burning coal
Canaanite
Hebrewגָּמוּרג מ ר— finished, completed
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicגְּמָרָאג מ ר— perfection
Syriacܓܡܪܐܓ ܡ ܪ— perfecting
Assyrian NAܓܵܡܹܪܓ ܡ ܪ— to be/become complete, perfect
Arabic
Arabicجَمَرَج م ر— to be covered by heat, to convene into a focal point (as by being close to the sun, or blushing, or in a people’s assembly …)
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicጉማሬገ መ ረ— hippopotamus
Tigrinyaጉማረገ መ ረ— hippopotamus
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Akkadian
akk · 2 lemmas- completeness, finalityCognate with Biblical Hebrew גָּמַר (gɔmár, “to finish, complete”). Compare also Arabic جَمَّرَ (jammara, “to collect together”).
- to bring to an end, annihilateCognate with Biblical Hebrew גָּמַר (gɔmár, “to finish, complete”). Compare also Arabic جَمَّرَ (jammara, “to collect together”).
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- burning coalCompare Aramaic גְּמוּרְתָּא (gəmurtā).
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- perfection
Classical Syriac
syc · 4 lemmas- perfectingCompare Hebrew גְּמָר (gəmār).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܠܓܡܪ
- weasel, martenFrom the root ܓ ܡ ܪ related to consuming.
- coal (especially live coal)Compare Akkadian 𒄖𒈠𒊒 (/gumāru/) and Arabic جَمْرَة (jamra).
- completely, entirely, absolutely, utterly, altogetherFrom -ܠ (lə-, la-, “to, for”) + ܓܡܪ (gəmār), absolute state of ܓܡܪܐ (gəmārā, “completion”). The alternate pronunciation ܓܡܪ (gəmar) is the absolute form of the unattested *ܓܡܪܐ (gamrā).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 7 lemmas- to be/become complete, perfectInherited from Aramaic גְּמַר (gəmar); cognate of Akkadian 𒂵𒈠𒀸 (gamārum), Hebrew גָּמַר (gamár) and Arabic جَمَرَ (jamara, “to collect, to cense”).
- perfectionVerbal noun of ܓܵܡܹܪ (gāmēr); compare Hebrew גְּמָר (g'mar).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܠܓܡܵܪܵܐlgmārā
- to complete, finish, fill outCausative stem of ܓܵܡܹܪ (gāmēr).
- complete, wholePassive participle of ܓܵܡܹܪ (gāmēr).
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedܓܡܝܼܪܵܐܝܼܬ݂gmīrāˀīṯ
- derivedܓܡܝܼܪܘܼܬ݂ܵܐgmīrūṯā
- completely, entirely, absolutely, utterly, altogetherSemi-learned borrowing from Classical Syriac ܠܓܡܪ (la-ḡəmār), ܠ- (l-, “to”) + ܓܡܵܪܵܐ (gmārā, “completion”); compare Hebrew לְגַמְרֵי (legámre).
- live coal, ember, cinderInherited from Aramaic [Term?]; cognate to Akkadian 𒄖𒈠𒊒 (/gumāru/) and Arabic جَمْرَة (jamra).
- perfect, flawlessPassive participle of ܡܲܓܡܸܪ (magmir).
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedܡܘܼܓܡܪܵܐܝܼܬ݂mugmrāˀīṯ
- derivedܡܘܼܓܡܪܘܼܬ݂ܵܐmugmrūṯā
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- finished, completed
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedבְּסֵדֶר גָּמוּרb'séder gamúr
- to end, to be over
- totally, completely, entirelyBorrowed from Jewish Babylonian Aramaic לְגַמְרֵי (ləḡamrē), alternative form of לְגַמְרֵיהּ (ləḡamrēh, literally “to its conclusion”).
- to finish, completeCognate with Akkadian 𒂵𒈠𒀸 (gamārum, “to bring to an end, to finish”) and Aramaic גמר / ܓܡܪ (“to complete, to perfect”). Compare Arabic جمر (“to collect, to cense”).
- finaleCognate with Akkadian 𒂵𒈠𒀸 (gamārum, “to bring to an end, to finish”) and Aramaic גמר / ܓܡܪ (“to complete, to perfect”). Compare Arabic جمر (“to collect, to cense”).
- to-infinitive of נגמר (nigmár).
- May you be signed and sealed in the Book of Life; a common greeting on and before Yom Kippur.Ellipsis of גְּמַר חֲתִימָה טוֹבָה (g'már khatimá tová).
- May you be signed and sealed in the Book of Life; a common greeting on and before Yom Kippur.From גְּמַר־ (g'már-, “end of”) + חֲתִימָה (khatimá, “signing, sealing”) + טוֹבָה (tová, “good”); hence literally “end of good sealing”.
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to be covered by heat, to convene into a focal point (as by being close to the sun, or blushing, or in a people’s assembly …)
- to collect together, to unite
- brazier, receptacle where live coal is employedTool noun from the root ج م ر (j m r).
- to burn incense, to fumigate or perfume oneself with aloes-wood and such
- alternative form of جُمَّار (jummār)
- ember, cinder, live coal
- heart of palm, palm cabbageThe form جَامُور (jāmūr) manifests Aramaic borrowing in the same fashion as كَافُور (kāfūr, “bract of the inflorescence of the date palm”) and تَمْر (tamr, “date”); see it and the root for further argument.
- singulative of جَمْر (jamr)
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- hippopotamus
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- hippopotamus