g b r
38 lemmas · 9 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular📜 Gen.10.8
Themes:man· رَجُل · אִישׁ·7husband· زَوْج · בַּעַל·4power·3marry·3adult·3
POS shape:noun·26verb·6name·3adj·2root·1
This root is attested across 9 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*g-b-rProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadiangubārug b r— Non-mimated form of gubārum
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewגֶּבֶרג ב ר— man (an adult male human being)
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicגְּבַרג ב ר— absolute form of גַּבְרָא (gaḇrā)
Syriacܓܒܪܐܓ ܒ ܪ— man, husband
Assyrian NAܓܵܒ݂ܹܪܓ ܒ ܪ— to marry; enter into marriage; to take a husband or a wife
Arabic
Arabicجَبْرج ب ر— verbal noun of جَبَرَ (jabara) (form I)
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezገብርገ በ ረ— servant, slave
Amharicገበሬገ በ ረ— farmer
Tigrinyaገበረገ በ ረ— to do
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Akkadian
akk · 2 lemmas- Non-mimated form of gubārum
- ingotCompare 𒅗𒁀𒀸 (kabārum, “to be(come) thick, solid”).
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 4 lemmas- absolute form of גַּבְרָא (gaḇrā)
- man, husbandFrom Proto-West Semitic *gabr-; compare Hebrew גֶּבֶר (géver, “man”).
- man, husbandFrom Proto-West Semitic *gabr-.
- power, force, vigour
Classical Syriac
syc · 2 lemmas- man, husbandFrom Proto-West Semitic *gabr-; compare Aramaic גַּבְרָא (gaḇrā, “man”).
- power, force, vigourFrom ܓܒܪܐ (gaḇrā, “man”) + -ܘܬܐ (-ūṯā, abstract noun ending). Compare Hebrew גַּבְרוּת (gaḇrûṯ).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- to marry; enter into marriage; to take a husband or a wifeDenominal of ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ (gaḇrā, “husband, man”) and probably through a semantic shift from “to become a man/husband” to “to get married,” and then applied to women as well.
- man (adult human male)Inherited from Aramaic גַּבְרָא (gaḇrā), from Proto-West Semitic *gabr-; compare Arabic جَبْر (jabr) and Hebrew גֶּבֶר (géver). Doublet of ܓܘܼܪܵܐ (gūrā, “large”).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܒܲܪܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐbargaḇrā
- one who marries, about to marry, set to marryActive noun of the verb ܓܵܒ݂ܹܪ (gāḇēr, “to get married”).
- instance of marryingInstance noun of the verb ܓܵܒ݂ܸܪ (gāḇir, “to get married”).
- strong manInherited from Aramaic גַּבָּרָא, from Proto-West Semitic *gabbār-, equivalent to an intensified form of ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ (gaḇrā, “man”); compare cognate to Arabic جَبَّار (jabbār) and Hebrew גִּבּוֹר (gibór). The Nun in the spelling serves to distinguish this word from ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ (gaḇrā).
▸ 3 derivations
- derivedܓܲܢ݇ܒܵܪܵܐܝܼܬ݂gabbārāˀīṯ
- derivedܓܲܢ݇ܒܵܪܘܼܬ݂ܵܐgabbārūṯā
- derivedܓܲܢ݇ܒܵܪ ܚܲܝܠܵܐgabbār ḥaylā
- OrionInherited from Aramaic גַּבָּרָא, from Proto-West Semitic *gabbār-, equivalent to an intensified form of ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ (gaḇrā, “man”); compare cognate to Arabic جَبَّار (jabbār) and Hebrew גִּבּוֹר (gibór). The Nun in the spelling serves to distinguish this word from ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ (gaḇrā).
- to nurture, look after, take care ofDeveloped probably from a Gt form ܡܸܬ݂ܓܒܸܪ (miṯgbir).
- forming words pertaining to acting boldlyFrom Proto-Semitic; compare Hebrew ג־ב־ר (g-b-r) and Arabic ج ب ر (j b r). The sense of “marriage” is denominal from ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ (gaḇrā).
▸ 8 derivations
- derivedVerbs
- derivedܓܵܒ݂ܹܪgāḇēr
- derivedܡܲܓܒ݂ܸܪmagḇir
- derivedNouns
- derivedܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐgaḇrā
- derivedܓܲܢ݇ܒܵܪܵܐgabbārā
- derivedܓܲܒ݂ܪܘܼܬܵܐgaḇrūtā
- derivedܓܲܢ݇ܒܵܪܘܼܬܵܐgabbārūtā
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- man (an adult male human being)From Proto-West Semitic *gabr-; compare Aramaic גַּבְרָא (gaḇrā, “man”).
▸ 8 derivations
- derivedגֶּבֶר גֶּבֶרgéver géver
- derivedגְּבַרְבַרgvarvár
- derivedגַּבְרִיgavrí
- derivedגַּבְרִיאֵלgavri'él
- derivedגבריהוgvaryáhu
- derivedגְּבֶרֶתgvéret
- derivedגְּבַרְתָּןgvartán
- derivedהַסְגַּבְרָהhasgvará
- to become stronger, gain powerFrom Proto-West Semitic *gabr-; compare Aramaic גַּבְרָא (gaḇrā, “man”).
- manly, masculineגבר + ־י
- a diminutive of the male given name גַּבְרִיאֵל (gavriél)גבר + ־י
- lady, madam
- mistress, grande dame, a wealthy upper class woman, lady
- big man (a child attempting to act like an adult)A diminutive redoubling of גֶּבֶר (géver), formed by reduplication; compare similar cases such as כְּלַבְלַב (klavláv, “a doggy; a puppy”) or חֲתַלְתּוּל (khataltúl, “kitten”). The second shwa is supposed to be silent following the pattern (=*גְּבַרְבַּר), however due to the phonemicization of fricatives such as /v/…
- to strengthen
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- verbal noun of جَبَرَ (jabara) (form I)
- to treat with kindness, to be niceCompare جَبَرَ (jabara, “to treat kindly”).
- bonesetter, orthopedistDerived from the active participle of جَبَرَ (jabara, “to set a broken bone”).
- almighty, omnipotent, superhumanFrom Proto-West Semitic *gabbār-. Compare Hebrew גיבור / גִּבּוֹר (gibbōr) and Classical Syriac ܓܢܒܪܐ (ga(n)bbārā).
▸ 1 derivation
- relatedجَبَرُوتjabarūt
- giant, colossus, Goliath, titanFrom Proto-West Semitic *gabbār-. Compare Hebrew גיבור / גִּבּוֹר (gibbōr) and Classical Syriac ܓܢܒܪܐ (ga(n)bbārā).
- verbal noun of جَابَرَ (jābara) (form III)
- TuesdayAppellative for some martial god, whose name then stood for planets and then like Latin diēs Mārtis or Proto-West Germanic *Tīwas dag after war-gods for Tuesday.
- verbal noun of جَبَّرَ (jabbara) (form II)
Ge'ez
gez · 2 lemmas- servant, slaveEither from Proto-West Semitic *gabr-, or formed internally from ገብረ (gäbrä, “to work”).
- action
Amharic
am · 3 lemmas- farmer
- tenant farmer
- tax
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- to do