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k b r

35 lemmas · 9 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular📜 2Sam.22.21
Themes:numerous·4sulfur·3big·3drum·3timbrel·3
POS shape:noun·13verb·8adj·7adv·5name·2

This root is attested across 9 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.

Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family

*k-b-rProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewכָּבַרכ ב ר— to sift
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicכְּבַרכ ב ר— already, long since
Syriacܟܒܝܪܐܟ ܒ ܪ— great; large, big
Assyrian NAܟܒ݂ܲܪܟ ܒ ܪ— perhaps, may, maybe, possibly
Arabic
Arabicكَبُرَك ب ر— to be or become big
South Semitic
Old South Arabian
OSA𐩫𐩨𐩧𐩫 𐩨 𐩧— great one (epithet and perhaps a title)
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezከበሮከ በ ረ— drum, timbrel
Amharicከበረከ በ ረ— to revere, to be honored, to be precious
Tigrinyaከበሮከ በ ረ— drum, timbrel

Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.

Old South Arabian

irregular reflexosa · 1 lemma
  • nouninferredWiktionary ↗
    great one (epithet and perhaps a title)

Imperial Aramaic

arc · 4 lemmas
  • kəḇaradvinferred𐡀 tg. Onk. Exod 16:31Wiktionary ↗
    already, long since
  • kəḇarverbinferred𐡀 tg. Onk. Exod 16:31Wiktionary ↗
    to be much/many
  • kabbērverbinferred𐡀 tg. Onk. Exod 16:31Wiktionary ↗
    to increase, multiply, make much/many
  • kiḇrīṯānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    sulphur/sulfur, brimstone
    From Akkadian 𒆠𒀀𒀭𒀀𒇉 (kibrītu, “sulfur; firebrand”).

Classical Syriac

syc · 3 lemmas
  • adjattestedWiktionary ↗
    great; large, big
    From the root ܟ ܒ ܪ related to being of a large amount. Compare Arabic كَبِير (kabīr) and Hebrew כַּבִּיר (kabbīr).
  • advattestedWiktionary ↗
    much; strongly, vigourously
    From the root ܟ ܒ ܪ related to being of a large amount. Compare Arabic كَبِير (kabīr) and Hebrew כַּבִּיר (kabbīr).
  • kĕḇrīṯānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    sulfur/sulphur, brimstone
    From Akkadian 𒆠𒀀𒀭𒀀𒇉 (kibrītu, “sulfur; firebrand”), cognate to Arabic كِبْرِيت (kibrīt), and Hebrew גופרית / גָּפְרִית (gop̄rīṯ).

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

aii · 8 lemmas
  • kḇaradvattestedWiktionary ↗
    perhaps, may, maybe, possibly
    Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac, from Aramaic כְּבַר (kəḇar); compare similar in Hebrew כְּבָר (k'vár, “already”).
    ▸ 1 derivation
  • kāḇērverbattestedWiktionary ↗
    to be much/many
    Inherited from Aramaic כְּבַר (kəḇar); compare Arabic كَبُرَ (kabura).
  • kabīradjattestedWiktionary ↗
    more numerous; comparative form of numerous, absolute singular of ܟܲܒܝܼܪܵܐ (kabīrā, “numerous”)
    See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
  • mkabbirverbattestedWiktionary ↗
    to increase, multiply, make much/many
    Intensitive stem of the verb ܟܵܒ݂ܹܪ (kāḇēr), from Aramaic כַּבֵּר (kabbēr); the latter sense is a Semantic loan from Arabic كَبَّرَ (kabbara).
  • kabīrāadjattestedWiktionary ↗
    numerous, many, much
    Of the adjective pattern 1a22ī3ā, inherited from Aramaic [Term?]; compare Arabic كَبِير (kabīr, “big, large”).
    ▸ 3 derivations
  • kabīrāadvattestedWiktionary ↗
    many, much, a lot of
    Of the adjective pattern 1a22ī3ā, inherited from Aramaic [Term?]; compare Arabic كَبِير (kabīr, “big, large”).
  • kḇarnameinferredWiktionary ↗
    Chebar (A particular river in Mesopotamia)
    Classical Syriac, from Biblical Hebrew כְּבָר (kəḇār).
  • kiḇrīṯānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    sulfur (a chemical element with atomic number 16, having a bright yellow color and characteristic smell, used commercially in a variety of products such as insecticides, black powder, and matchsticks)
    Inherited from Aramaic כִּבְּרִיתָא (kiḇrīṯā), Akkadian 𒆠𒀀𒀭𒀀𒇉 (kibrītu, “sulfur; firebrand”), cognate to Arabic كِبْرِيت (kibrīt), and Hebrew גָּפְרִית (gofrít).
    ▸ 3 derivations

Hebrew

he · 4 lemmas
  • kavárverbattested📜 2Sam.22.21Wiktionary ↗
    to sift
  • k'varánounattested✡︎ m. Bei. 2:9Wiktionary ↗
    a sieve
    Compare כָּבַר (kavár, “to sift”)
  • kváradvinferred📜 2Sam.22.21Wiktionary ↗
    Already: before now, or before then.
    ▸ 1 derivation
  • k'várnameinferred📜 2Sam.22.21Wiktionary ↗
    A particular river in Mesopotamia.

Arabic

ar · 8 lemmas
  • kaburaverbattested☪︎ Q.2:34Wiktionary ↗
    to be or become big
    Inherited from Proto-Semitic *kabar- together with Hebrew כָּבַר (kāḇár, “to be great, to become great; to be many, to multiply”), Akkadian kabārum (“to be or become thick”) etc.
  • kubrnounattested☪︎ Q.2:34Wiktionary ↗
    verbal noun of كَبُرَ (kabura) (form I)
    Inherited from Proto-Semitic *kabar- together with Hebrew כָּבַר (kāḇár, “to be great, to become great; to be many, to multiply”), Akkadian kabārum (“to be or become thick”) etc.
  • kabīradjattested☪︎ Q.2:34Wiktionary ↗
    big, large
    ▸ 1 derivation
  • kabīrnounattested☪︎ Q.2:34Wiktionary ↗
    chief, leader
  • kabīraadjattested☪︎ Q.2:34Wiktionary ↗
    feminine singular of كَبِير (kabīr)
  • istakbaraverbattested☪︎ Q.2:34Wiktionary ↗
    to be proud, to be arrogant
  • takbīranounattested☪︎ Q.2:34Wiktionary ↗
    instance noun of كَبَّرَ (kabbara)
  • kibrnouninferred☪︎ Q.2:34Wiktionary ↗
    majesty, glory, highness
    Borrowed from Ge'ez ክብር (kəbr), see كِبْرِيَاء (kibriyāʔ).

Ge'ez

gez · 1 lemma

Amharic

am · 4 lemmas

Tigrinya

ti · 2 lemmas

Related rootsshare 2 of 3 consonants with k-b-r

Compare two languages side-by-side

osa ↔ arcosa ↔ sycosa ↔ aiiosa ↔ heosa ↔ ar