m d r
17 lemmas · 9 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular𐡀 tg. Jer. Gen 24:62
Themes:earth· أَرْض · אֶרֶץ·5capital·3bread· خُبْز · לֶחֶם·2soil·2clay·2
POS shape:noun·11name·4adj·2
This root is attested across 9 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*m-d-rProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadianmidrumm d r— midru bread (a type of bread)
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewאֵם הַדֶּרֶךְמ ד ר— main road
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicמִדְרְשָׁאמ ד ר— Midrash
Syriacܡܸܕ݂ܪܵܐܡ ܕ ܪ— soil, earth, glebe, dirt, clay
Assyrian NAܡܲܕܪܝܼܕ݂ܡ ܕ ܪ— Madrid (the capital city of Spain)
Arabic
Arabicمُدِرَّةم د ر— feminine singular of مُدِرّ (mudirr)
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezምድርመ ደ ረ— earth, world
Amharicምድርመ ደ ረ— earth; soil; land; ground
Tigrinyaምድሪመ ደ ረ— earth
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Akkadian
akk · 1 lemma- midru bread (a type of bread)From Proto-Semitic *mVdr- (“clod (earth, clay, bread)”). Cognate with Arabic مَدَر (madar) and Biblical Hebrew מֶדֶר (mɛ́ḏɛr).
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- Midrash
Classical Syriac
syc · 2 lemmas- soil, earth, glebe, dirt, clayFrom Proto-Semitic *mVdr- (“clod”). Compare Arabic مَدَر (madar) and Hebrew מֶדֶר (méḏer).
- floor, story, flat
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 1 lemma- Madrid (the capital city of Spain)
Hebrew
he · 1 lemma- main road
Arabic
ar · 7 lemmas- feminine singular of مُدِرّ (mudirr)From أَدَرَّ (ʔadarra, “to let flow”), meaning in the participle also diuretic properties, and Galega officinalis is diuretic.
- goat's rue (Galega officinalis), and other Galega legumesFrom أَدَرَّ (ʔadarra, “to let flow”), meaning in the participle also diuretic properties, and Galega officinalis is diuretic.
- clod of loam or clay
- alternative form of مُرْدِيّ (murdiyy, “setting pole”)
- Chennai (a megacity, the capital of Tamil Nadu, India)Borrowed from Hindustani مدراس / मद्रास (madrās).
- Madrid (the capital city of Spain)From Spanish Madrid.
- masculine plural of مُدَوَّر (mudawwar)
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- earth, worldFrom Proto-Semitic *mVdr- (“clod”). Cognate with Arabic مَدَرٌ (madarun), Classical Syriac ܡܶܕܪܳܐ.
Amharic
am · 2 lemmas- earth; soil; land; groundFrom Ge'ez ምድር (mədr).
- the EarthFrom Ge'ez ምድር (mədr).
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- earth