ḥ m š
33 lemmas · 8 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular📜 Gen.1.23
Themes:five· خَمْسَة · חָמֵשׁ·16fifteen·3fifth·3fifty·2thursday·2
POS shape:num·12numeral·7noun·7adj·6verb·1
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ḥ-m-šProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewחָמֵשׁח מ שׁ— feminine of חֲמִישָּׁה (khamishá, “five”)
Phoenician𐤇𐤌𐤔𐤇 𐤌 𐤔
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicחֲמֵשׁח מ ש— feminine of חַמְשָׁא (ḥamšā, “five”)
Syriacܚܘܡܫܐܚ ܡ ܫ— fifth (⅕)
Assyrian NAܚܲܡܸܫܚ ܡ ܫ— feminine of ܚܲܡܫܵܐ (ḥamšā, “five, 5”)
Turoyoܚܡܫܐܚ ܡ ܫ— five
Western NAܚܡܫܚ ܡ ܫ
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Tigrinyaሓሙሽተሐ መ ሸ— five
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Phoenician
irregular reflexphn · 2 lemmasImperial Aramaic
arc · 6 lemmas- feminine of חַמְשָׁא (ḥamšā, “five”)From Proto-Semitic *ḫamš-.
- five (5)Inherited from Proto-Semitic *ḫamišatum.
- fifty (50)Compare Hebrew חֲמִשִּׁים (khamishím).
- five hundred
- fifteen (15)Compare Hebrew חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר (khamishá 'asár).
- feminine of חַמְשַׁעְסַר (ḥaməšaʿəsar, “fifteen”)
Classical Syriac
syc · 2 lemmas- fifth (⅕)Derived from ܚܡܫܐ (ḥamšā, “five”). Compare Arabic خُمْس (ḵums) and Hebrew חֹמֶשׁ (ḥṓmeš).
- ThursdayFrom ܚܡܫܐ (ħamšā, “five, fifth”) + ܒ- (b(ə)-, “in”) + ܫܒܐ (šabbā), absolute singular form of ܫܒܬܐ (šabb(ə)ṯā, “Saturday, week”). Compare Arabic الْخَمِيس (al-ḵamīs) and Hebrew יוֹם חֲמִישִׁי (yôm ħămîšî).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- feminine of ܚܲܡܫܵܐ (ḥamšā, “five, 5”)From Aramaic חָמֵשׁ (ḥāmēš), from Proto-Semitic *ḫamšat-; compare Arabic خَمْس (ḵams) and Hebrew חָמֵשׁ (khamésh).
- to do something five times, include five people, etc.Denominal verb derived from ܚܲܡܫܵܐ (ḥamšā, “five”)
- fifthOf the pattern 12ī3āyā or ܚܲܡܫܵܐ (ḥamšā, “five”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
- pentagonalPassive participle of ܡܚܲܡܸܫ (mḥammiš); cognate to Arabic مُخَمَّس (muḵammas) and Hebrew מְחֻמָּשׁ (mekhumásh).
- pentagon (polygon with five sides)Passive participle of ܡܚܲܡܸܫ (mḥammiš); cognate to Arabic مُخَمَّس (muḵammas) and Hebrew מְחֻמָּשׁ (mekhumásh).
- ThursdayFrom ܚܲܡܫܵܐ (ḥamšā, “five, fifth”) + ܒ- (b-, “in”) + ܫܲܒܵܐ (šabbā, “week”); compare Arabic الْخَمِيس (al-ḵamīs) and Hebrew יוֹם חֲמִישִׁי (yom khamishí).
- five (5)From Aramaic חַמְשָׁא (ḥamšā), from Proto-Semitic *ḫamš-; compare Arabic خَمْسَة (ḵamsa) and Hebrew חֲמִישָּׁה (khamishá).
- masculine construct state of ܚܲܡܫܵܐ (ḥamšā, “five”)
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- feminine of חֲמִישָּׁה (khamishá, “five”)Inherited from Proto-Semitic *ḫamišum.
- defective spelling of חומשInherited from Proto-Semitic *ḫamišum.
- armed, equipped, arrayed for battleUncertain.
- fiveInherited from Proto-Semitic *ḫamišatum.
- pentamerous
- pentagon
- Five, 5, fifth: five in Hebrew numerals.
- A Chumash; the Torah (Pentateuch) as a codex (bound in book form as opposed to a scroll).Formed from חָמֵשׁ (khamésh, “five”), as the Torah is made up of five books; cf. the etymology of Pentateuch, which is derived on a similar basis.
Tigrinya
ti · 2 lemmas- fiveFrom Proto-Semitic *ḫamš-. Cognates include Ge'ez ኀምስቱ (ḫämsətu), Amharic አምስት (ʾämsət) and Tigre ሐምስ (ḥäms).
- gray
Turoyo
tru · 3 lemmas- five
- fifty
- fifteen
Western Neo-Aramaic
amw · 2 lemmas- five