ḥ l m
37 lemmas · 8 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular📜 Gen.37.5
Themes:dream·12health·6dreamer·5dreaming·3something·2
POS shape:noun·26verb·6adj·3root·2
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ḥ-l-mProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎈𐎍𐎎𐎈 𐎍 𐎎— dream
Canaanite
Hebrewחָלַםח ל ם— to dream
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicחלםח ל מ— To dream.
Syriacܚܠܡܐܚ ܠ ܡ— dream
Assyrian NAܚܵܠܹܡܚ ܠ ܡ— to dream
Arabic
Arabicحَلَمَح ل م— to dream (something) or about [with بِ (bi)] (something) while asleep
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicሐለመሐ ለ መ— to dream
Tigrinyaሕልሚሐ ለ መ— dream
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- dreamCompare Hebrew חֲלוֹם (ḥălōm), Aramaic חֶלְמָא (ḥelmā), Arabic حِلْم (ḥilm).
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 3 lemmas- To dream.Compare Arabic حلم and Hebrew חלם
- dreamCognate with Classical Syriac ܚܸܠܡܵܐ (khilma), Hebrew חֲלוֹם (khalóm), Arabic حُلْم (ḥulm), Amharic ሕልም (ḥəlm).
- dreamerCognate with Classical Syriac ܚܸܠܡܵܐ (khilma), Hebrew חֲלוֹם (khalóm), Arabic حُلْم (ḥulm), Amharic ሕልም (ḥəlm).
Classical Syriac
syc · 5 lemmas- dreamFrom the root ܚ ܠ ܡ related to dreaming. Compare Arabic حُلْم (ḥulm), Hebrew חֲלוֹם (ḥălôm) and Amharic ሕልም (ḥəlm).
- dreamerFrom the root ܚ ܠ ܡ related to dreaming. Compare Arabic حَالِمَة (ḥālima) and Hebrew חוֹלֵמָה (ḥôlēmâ).
- large lizard, chameleonCompare Akkadian 𒈲𒅆𒌨 (/ḫulmittu/, “reptile; lizard, snake, dragon”).
- health
- nippleFrom ܚܠܡܬܐ (ḥəlaməṯā, “oxtongue [flower]”) + -ܕ (də-, da-, “of”) + ܬܕܐ (təḏā, “the breast”). Compare Arabic حَلَمَة (ḥalama).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- to dreamFrom Aramaic חְלַם (ḥəlam), from Proto-Semitic; compare Arabic حَلَمَ (ḥalama) and Hebrew חָלַם (khalám).
- dreamInherited from Aramaic חֶלְמָא (ḥelmā); compare Arabic حُلْم (ḥulm) and Hebrew חֲלוֹם (khalóm).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܚܸܠܡܵܐ ܟܵܒ݂ܘܿܫܵܐḥilmā kāḇōšā
- dreamerActive noun of ܚܵܠܹܡ (ḥālēm).
- thickInherited from Aramaic חְלִימָא (ḥlīmā), originally meaning “strong”. The second and third definitions are Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac.
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedܚܠܝܼܡܵܐܝܼܬ݂ḥlīmāˀīṯ
- derivedܚܠܝܼܡܘܼܬ݂ܵܐḥlīmūṯā
- health (the state of being free from physical or psychological disease, illness, or malfunction)Of the noun pattern 1u23ānā and inherited from Aramaic חוּלְמָנָא (ḥulmānā).
▸ 6 derivations
- derivedܒܚܘܼܠܡܵܢܘܼܟ݂bḥulmānōḵ
- derivedܚܘܼܠܡܵܢܵܐ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢܵܝܵܐḥulmānā nafšānāyā
- derivedܚܘܼܠܡܵܢܵܐ ܦܲܓ݂ܪܵܢܵܝܵܐḥulmānā paḡrānāyā
- derivedܚܘܼܠܡܵܢܵܝܵܐḥulmānāyā
- derivedܝܲܨܝܼܦܘܼܬ݂ ܚܘܼܠܡܵܢܵܐyaṣīpūṯ ḥulmānā
- derivedܢܛܝܼܪܘܼܬ݂ ܚܘܼܠܡܵܢܵܐnṭīrūṯ ḥulmānā
- healthy, suitable for health, good for health; sanitary, hygienicActive noun of ܡܲܚܠܸܡ (maḥlim, “to be conducive to health”).
- related to health; of or pertaining to healthFrom ܚܘܼܠܡܵܢܵܐ (ḥulmānā, “health, hygiene”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
- forming words pertaining to dreamingFrom Proto-Semitic; compare Hebrew ח־ל־ם (ḥ-l-m), Arabic ح ل م (ḥ-l-m)
▸ 8 derivations
- derivedVerbs
- derivedܚܵܠܹܡḥālēm
- derivedܡܲܚܠܸܡmaḥlim
- derivedNouns
- derivedܚܸܠܡܵܐ ܝܲܩܘܼܪܵܐḥilmā yaqūrā
- derivedܚܸܠܡܵܐ ܕܥܝܼܪܘܼܬܵܐḥilmā dˁīrūtā
- derivedܚܸܠܡܵܐḥilmā
- derivedܚܵܠܘܿܡܵܐḥālōmā
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- to dreamCompare Arabic حَلَمَ (ḥalama).
- holam (a Hebrew nikud vowel sign represented by a dot above the upper-left corner of the consonant letter) ( ִ◌ֹ).
- dreamCompare Aramaic חֶלְמָא (ḥelmā), Arabic حُلْم (ḥulm), Amharic ሕልም (ḥəlm).
- yolk (yellow of egg)
- mallow
- sternbergia
- amethystBorrowed from Egyptian mḫnmt (“red jasper”).
- dreams, dreamingCompare Arabic ح ل م (ḥ l m).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to dream (something) or about [with بِ (bi)] (something) while asleepAkin to Aramaic חֶלְמָא (ḥelmā), Classical Syriac ܚܠܡܐ (ḥelmā), Hebrew חֲלוֹם (ḥalóm), Amharic ሕልም (ḥəlm), Ugaritic 𐎈𐎍𐎎 (ḥlm). For the significations of the root in Arabic, compare م ن ي (m n y), whence أُمْنِيَة (ʔumniya, “a wish”) and مَنِيّ (maniyy, “a fluid considered conceptive; semen”).
▸ 4 derivations
- relatedأَضْغَاثُ أَحْلَامٍʔaḍḡāṯu ʔaḥlāmin
- derivedحَلَمِيّḥalamiyy
- derivedحُلَيْمِيّḥulaymiyy
- derivedحُلَيْمَةḥulayma
- to mature mentally or to be perceived as such; to act or think like an adultAkin to Aramaic חֶלְמָא (ḥelmā), Classical Syriac ܚܠܡܐ (ḥelmā), Hebrew חֲלוֹם (ḥalóm), Amharic ሕልም (ḥəlm), Ugaritic 𐎈𐎍𐎎 (ḥlm). For the significations of the root in Arabic, compare م ن ي (m n y), whence أُمْنِيَة (ʔumniya, “a wish”) and مَنِيّ (maniyy, “a fluid considered conceptive; semen”).
- verbal noun of حَلَمَ (ḥalama) (form I): dreamingAkin to Aramaic חֶלְמָא (ḥelmā), Classical Syriac ܚܠܡܐ (ḥelmā), Hebrew חֲלוֹם (ḥalóm), Amharic ሕልም (ḥəlm), Ugaritic 𐎈𐎍𐎎 (ḥlm). For the significations of the root in Arabic, compare م ن ي (m n y), whence أُمْنِيَة (ʔumniya, “a wish”) and مَنِيّ (maniyy, “a fluid considered conceptive; semen”).
- verbal noun of حَلَمَ (ḥalama) (form I)Akin to Aramaic חֶלְמָא (ḥelmā), Classical Syriac ܚܠܡܐ (ḥelmā), Hebrew חֲלוֹם (ḥalóm), Amharic ሕልም (ḥəlm), Ugaritic 𐎈𐎍𐎎 (ḥlm). For the significations of the root in Arabic, compare م ن ي (m n y), whence أُمْنِيَة (ʔumniya, “a wish”) and مَنِيّ (maniyy, “a fluid considered conceptive; semen”).
- verbal noun of حَلُمَ (ḥaluma) (form I)Akin to Aramaic חֶלְמָא (ḥelmā), Classical Syriac ܚܠܡܐ (ḥelmā), Hebrew חֲלוֹם (ḥalóm), Amharic ሕልም (ḥəlm), Ugaritic 𐎈𐎍𐎎 (ḥlm). For the significations of the root in Arabic, compare م ن ي (m n y), whence أُمْنِيَة (ʔumniya, “a wish”) and مَنِيّ (maniyy, “a fluid considered conceptive; semen”).
- tick(s), mite(s)Akin to Aramaic חֶלְמָא (ḥelmā), Classical Syriac ܚܠܡܐ (ḥelmā), Hebrew חֲלוֹם (ḥalóm), Amharic ሕልም (ḥəlm), Ugaritic 𐎈𐎍𐎎 (ḥlm). For the significations of the root in Arabic, compare م ن ي (m n y), whence أُمْنِيَة (ʔumniya, “a wish”) and مَنِيّ (maniyy, “a fluid considered conceptive; semen”).
- dreamerDerived from the active participle of حَلَمَ (ḥalama, “to dream”).
- singulative of حَلَم (ḥalam):
Amharic
am · 3 lemmas- to dreamFrom Proto-West Semitic *ḥalam-. Cognates include Arabic حَلَمَ (ḥalama) and Ge'ez ሐለመ (ḥälämä).
- dreamer
- dreamCognates include Ge'ez ሕልም (ḥəlm), Arabic حُلْم (ḥulm), Aramaic חֶלְמָא (ḥelmā), Classical Syriac ܚܠܡܐ (ḥelmā) and Hebrew חֲלוֹם (khalóm).
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- dreamCognate with Hebrew חֲלוֹם (khalóm), Aramaic חֶלְמָא (ḥelmā), Arabic حُلْم (ḥulm), Amharic ሕልም (ḥəlm).