ḥ l b
30 lemmas · 10 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular📜 Gen.45.18
Themes:milk· حَلِيب · חָלָב·14aleppo·7dairy·5capital·3city· مَدِينَة · עִיר·3
POS shape:noun·19verb·5name·5adj·1
This root is attested across 10 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ḥ-l-bProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎈𐎍𐎁𐎈 𐎍 𐎁— milk
Canaanite
Hebrewחָלָבח ל ב— milk (a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals to nourish their young)
Phoenician𐤇𐤋𐤁𐤇 𐤋 𐤁— milk
Punic𐤇𐤋𐤁𐤇 𐤋 𐤁— milk
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicחלבח ל ב— to milk
Syriacܚܠܒܐܚ ܠ ܒ— milk
Assyrian NAܚܵܠܹܒ݂ܚ ܠ ܒ— to milk
Arabic
Arabicحَلَبح ل ب— Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)
South Semitic
Old South Arabian
OSA𐩢𐩡𐩨𐩢 𐩡 𐩨— milk
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezሐሊብሐ ለ በ— milk
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- milkFrom Proto-Semitic *ḥalīb-. Compare Hebrew חָלָב (ḥālāḇ), Arabic حَلِيب (ḥalīb).
Phoenician
irregular reflexphn · 1 lemma- milk
Punic
irregular reflexpun · 1 lemma- milk
Old South Arabian
irregular reflexosa · 1 lemma- milk
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 2 lemmas- to milkFrom Proto-Semitic *ḥalīb-.
- milkFrom Proto-Semitic *ḥalīb-.
Classical Syriac
syc · 1 lemma- milkFrom Proto-Semitic *ḥalīb-.
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 5 lemmas- to milkDenominal verb derived from ܚܲܠܒ݂ܵܐ (ḥalḇā, “milk”); compare Hebrew חָלַב (khaláv) and Arabic حَلَبَ (ḥalaba).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܚܲܠܒ݂ܵܝܵܐḥalḇāyā
- milkInherited from Aramaic חַלְבָּא (ḥalbā), from Proto-Semitic *ḥalīb-; compare Arabic حَلِيب (ḥalīb), Hebrew חָלָב (khaláv) and Akkadian 𒄭𒅋𒁍 (ḫilpu).
- dairyFrom ܚܲܠܒ݂ܵܐ (ḥalḇā, “milk”) + -ܵܢܵܝܵܐ (-ānāyā, the intensive attributive adjective ending).
- dairy, dairy farmNoun of place from the verb ܚܵܠܹܒ݂ (ḥālēḇ, “to milk”); compare Hebrew מַחְלָבָה (makhlavá).
- Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo Governorate, Syria)Borrowed from Arabic حَلَب (ḥalab).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- milk (a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals to nourish their young)Cognate with Aramaic חַלְבָּא and sharing its root with Arabic حَلِيب (ḥalīb).
- to milkCognate with Aramaic חַלְבָּא and sharing its root with Arabic حَلِيب (ḥalīb).
- chelev (certain animal fats that the Torah prohibits Jews and Israelites from eating)
- A dairy: a place where milk is processed to produce dairy products.From the root ח־ל־ב (ḥ-l-b), from חָלָב (khaláv, “milk”).
- alternative form of חאלב
- Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo Governorate, Syria)From Arabic حَلَبُ (ḥalabu).
- misspelling of חַלְוָה
- defective spelling of חילבה
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- Aleppo (the capital city of Aleppo governorate, Syria)Perhaps from the root ح ل ب (ḥ l b), coming from the ancient tradition that Abraham gave milk to travelers as they moved throughout the region.
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedحَلَبِيّḥalabiyy
- to milkCognate with Hebrew חלב (khaláv).
- verbal noun of حَلَبَ (ḥalaba) (form I)Cognate with Hebrew חלב (khaláv).
- ureter
- verbal noun of حَلَبَ (ḥalaba) (form I)
- to drool
- mercury (Mercurialis gen. et spp.)Another one of the derivations from the root ح ل ب (ḥ l b) related to milk as حُلْبَة (ḥulba), حُلَّب (ḥullab) and لَبْلَاب (lablāb).
- Flueggea tinctoria; Euphorbia aegyptiaca and Euphorbia granulataRelated to the milk-giving qualities of these plants, compare the Spanish name of the spurge lechetrezna; but possibly from Classical Syriac, ܚܰܠܒ݂ܳܐ (ḥalbā, “milk”), construct state ܚܠܷܒ (ḥăleḇ), also meaning “spurge” in compounds.
Ge'ez
gez · 2 lemmas- milkFrom Proto-Semitic *ḥalīb-.
- Aleppo