k l l
32 lemmas · 9 languages
geminateSecond and third consonants are identical (ḥ-b-b 'love'). Surface forms often show a doubled consonant (mediae geminatae).📜 Gen.1.21
Themes:bride·4crown·3everything·3wreath·2chaplet·2
POS shape:noun·20verb·4adj·3name·2adv·2particle·1
This root is attested across 9 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*k-l-lProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadianēkallumk l l— palace
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewכֹּלכ ל ל— All, whole, entirety, everything; found almost exclusively in singular definite and singular construct forms; used to translate English all, each, every, everything, and so on.
Aramaic
Syriacܟܠܬܐܟ ܠ ܠ— bride
Assyrian NAܟܠܟ ܠ ܠ— All; each; every. see usage notes below
Turoyoܟܠܠܐܟ ܠ ܠ— money
Arabic
Arabicأَكْلك ل ل— verbal noun of أَكَلَ (ʔakala) (form I)
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezአክሊልከ ለ ለ— crown, diadem, tiara, mitre
Amharicክልልከ ለ ለ— boundary, zone, confines
Tigrinyaኩሉכ ל ל— total, entire, all, any
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Akkadian
akk · 1 lemma- palaceBorrowed from Sumerian 𒂍𒃲 (e₂-gal /ēgal/).
Classical Syriac
syc · 2 lemmas- brideFrom the root ܟ ܠ ܠ. Compare Hebrew כַּלָּה (kallâ) and Arabic كَنَّة (kanna).
- crown, wreath, chaplet, garlandFrom Aramaic כלילא (kəlīlā), from Akkadian 𒄃 (GILIM /kilīlu/), from which also Hebrew כְּלִיל (kəlîl).
▸ 4 derivations
- derivedܟܠܝܠܐ ܓܪܒܝܝܐ
- derivedܟܠܝܠܐ ܬܝܡܢܝܐ
- derivedܟܠܝܠܘܬܐ
- relatedܬܓܐtāḡā
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 7 lemmas- All; each; every. see usage notes belowInherited from Aramaic כֹּל (kol), either from Proto-Semitic *kʷall- or *kull-; compare Arabic كُلّ (kull), Ge'ez ኵል (kʷəll), Akkadian 𒆕𒀀𒁉 (kalûm), Hebrew כֹּל (kol).
▸ 6 derivations
- derivedܟܠ ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐkul nāšā
- derivedܟܠ ܚܲܕ݇kul ḥa
- derivedܟܠ ܝܘܿܡkul yōm
- derivedܟܠ ܡܸܢܕܝܼkul mindī
- derivedܟܠܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ݂kullānāˀīṯ
- derivedܟܠܵܢܵܝܵܐkullānāyā
- brideDiminutive of ܟܲܠܬ݂ܵܐ (kalṯā, “bride, daughter-in-law”) + -ܘܿ (-ō). Probably originally used an endearing term from the groom’s family to the bride, hence being formed with the diminutive suffix. Compare Turoyo ܟܰܠܘ (kalu, “bride, daughter-in-law”).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܟܲܠܘܿ ܕܣܘܼܠܵܩܵܐkalō dsūlāqā
- bride (woman in the context of her own wedding)Inherited from Aramaic כַּלְּתָא (kalləṯā); related to Hebrew כַּלָּה (kalá) and Arabic كَنَّة (kanna). For the alternative form without /t/ compare Turoyo ܟܰܠܘ (kalu, “bride, daughter in-law”).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܟܲܠܘܿkalō
- crown, corona, garland, wreath, chapletFrom Classical Syriac from Aramaic כלילא (kəlīlā), from Akkadian 𒄃 (GILIM /kilīlu/); from which also borrowed into Hebrew כְּלִיל (kəlîl) , Classical Mandaic ࡊࡋࡉࡋࡀ (klila) and Arabic إِكْلِيل (ʔiklīl).
▸ 7 derivations
- derivedܟܠܝܼܠ ܛܘܼܪܵܐklīl ṭūrā
- derivedܟܠܝܼܠ ܡܲܠܘܵܫܹ̈ܐklīl malwāšē
- derivedܟܠܝܼܠܘܼܬ݂ܵܐklīlūṯā
- derivedܟܠܝܼܠܵܢܵܝܵܐklīlānāyā
- derivedܟܲܠܬ݂ܵܐkalṯā
- derivedܡܟܲܠܸܠmkallil
- relatedܬܵܓ݂ܵܐtāḡā
- a unisex given nameFrom Classical Syriac from Aramaic כלילא (kəlīlā), from Akkadian 𒄃 (GILIM /kilīlu/); from which also borrowed into Hebrew כְּלִיל (kəlîl) , Classical Mandaic ࡊࡋࡉࡋࡀ (klila) and Arabic إِكْلِيل (ʔiklīl).
- whole, entire, overallFrom ܟܠ (kul, “all; whole”) + -ܢܝܐ (-ānāyā, the intensive attributive adjective ending); compare Arabic كُلِّيّ (kulliyy) and Hebrew כְּלָלִי (klalí).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܟܠܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ݂kullānāˀīṯ
- college, academy (academic institution)Borrowed from Arabic كُلِّيَّة (kulliyya), from كُلّ (kull, “all, everything”) + ـِيَّة (-iyya, the abstract noun ending).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- All, whole, entirety, everything; found almost exclusively in singular definite and singular construct forms; used to translate English all, each, every, everything, and so on.Compare Arabic كُلّ (kull), Ge'ez ኵል (kʷəll), Ugaritic 𐎋𐎍 (kl), Phoenician 𐤊𐤋 (kl), Akkadian 𒆕𒀀𒁉 (kalûm), Classical Syriac ܟܾܠ (kul), Amharic ሁሉ (hulu). From Proto-Semitic *kʷall- or Proto-Semitic *kull-, ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔa-kʷall-.
- brideDeriving from the root כָּלַל (kalál, “to put a crown upon, to crown”), as a bride used to be crowned with a chaplet during the wedding ceremony.
- A rule, a norm: a normative specification of desirable behavior.
▸ 7 derivations
- derivedבְּדֶרֶךְ כְּלָלb'dérekh k'lál
- derivedבִּכְלָלbikh'lál
- derivedכלל הסנדוויץ׳k'lál-haséndvich
- derivedכְּלַל הַסֶּנְדְּוִיץ׳k'lál-haséndvich
- derivedכְּלָלִיk'lalí
- derivedיוֹצֵא מִן הַכְּלָלyotsé mín hak'lál
- derivedכּוֹלֵלkolél
- at all
- To include (something) (in a group).
- Inclusive.
- A community, a collective.
- Masculine singular present participle and present tense of כלל (kalál).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- verbal noun of أَكَلَ (ʔakala) (form I)
- food
- to tire out, to weary, to fatigue
- delay, retardation
- plural of كُلَّة (kulla)
- blunt, dull
- each one, everyoneCompare Akkadian 𒆕𒀀𒁉 (kalûm), Ge'ez ኵል (kʷəll), Ugaritic 𐎋𐎍 (kl), Phoenician 𐤊𐤋 (kl), Classical Syriac ܟܾܠ (kul). From Proto-Semitic *kʷall- or Proto-Semitic *kull-, ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔa-kʷall-.
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedكُلَّمَاkullamā
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- crown, diadem, tiara, mitreBorrowed from Arabic إِكْلِيل (ʔiklīl).
Amharic
am · 2 lemmas- boundary, zone, confines
- the Gurage ZoneBorrowed from Arabic إِكْلِيل (ʔiklīl).
Tigrinya
ti · 2 lemmas- total, entire, all, anyCompare Arabic كُلّ (kull), Ge'ez ኵል (kʷəll), Hebrew כֹּל (kól).
- all, everything
Turoyo
tru · 1 lemma- money