ʾ k l
40 lemmas · 10 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.📜 Gen.24.45
Themes:food·9eat·9eating·4consume·3gluttonous·3
POS shape:noun·18verb·16adj·5root·1
This root is attested across 10 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ʾ-k-lProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎀𐎋𐎍𐎀 𐎋 𐎍— food
Canaanite
Hebrewאָכַלא כ ל— to eat
Phoenician𐤀𐤊𐤋𐤀 𐤊 𐤋— to eat
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicאֲכַלא כ ל— to eat, to consume
Syriacܐܟܠܐܐ ܟ ܠ— eater
Assyrian NAܐܵܟ݂ܹܠܐ ܟ ܠ— to eat, to consume (food)
Arabic
Arabicآكَلَء ك ل— to eat together with another, share in another's meal
South Semitic
Old South Arabian
Sabaean𐩱𐩫𐩡𐩱 𐩫 𐩡— cereal, grain
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezእክልአ ከ ለ— food
Amharicአካልአ ከ ለ— body part; organ
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 2 lemmas- foodCompare Hebrew אוכל / אֹכֶל (ʾṓḵel), Arabic أُكْل (ʔukl, “food”)
- to eatFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔakal- (“to eat”). Compare Arabic أَكَل (ʔakal), Hebrew אָכַל (ʾāḵal).
Phoenician
irregular reflexphn · 1 lemma- to eat
Sabaean
irregular reflexsab · 1 lemma- cereal, grain
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 2 lemmas- to eat, to consumeFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔakal-. Compare Hebrew אָכַל (akhál).
- crowd, multitude, mobFrom Ancient Greek ὄχλος (ókhlos).
Classical Syriac
syc · 8 lemmas- eaterFrom the root ܐ ܟ ܠ related to eating. Compare Arabic آكِل (ʔākil) and Hebrew אֹכֵל (ʾōḵēl).
- foodCompare Arabic أُكْل (ʔukl) and Hebrew אֹכֶל (ʾṓḵel).
- gluttonous, voracious
- devouring, consumptionFrom the root ܐ ܟ ܠ related to eating. Compare Hebrew אַכְלָן (ʾaḵlān).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܐܟܠܢܐ ܕܫܢܐʾaḵlānāʾ dəšennē
- food, victuals, provisionsFrom the root ܐ ܟ ܠ related to eating. Compare Hebrew מַאֲכָל (maʾăḵāl).
- devouringFrom the root ܐ ܟ ܠ related to eating. Compare Arabic مَأْكَلَة (maʔkala).
- to eatFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔakal-.
- emphatic plural of ܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- to eat, to consume (food)Inherited from Aramaic אֲכַל (ʾăḵal), from Proto-Semitic *ʔakal-; compare Classical Syriac ܐܸܟ݂ܲܠ (ʾĭḵal), Arabic أَكَلَ (ʔakala) and Hebrew אָכַל ('akhál).
▸ 4 derivations
- derivedܐܵܟ݂ܹܠ ܠܸܒܹܗāḵēl libbēh
- derivedܐܵܟ݂ܹܠ ܬܸܒ݂ܢܵܐāḵēl tiḇnā
- derivedܐܵܟ݂ܹܠ ܙ̈ܘܼܙܹܐāḵēl zūzē
- relatedܫܵܬܹܐšātē
- eatingVerbal noun of ܐܵܟ݂ܹܠ (āḵēl, “to eat”)
- to feedCausitive stem of the verb ܐܵܟ݂ܹܠ (āḵēl, “to eat”); compare Classical Syriac ܐܲܘܟܸ݁ܠ (ʾawkil), Arabic آكَلَ (ʔākala) and Hebrew הֶאֱכִיל (he'ekhíl).
- eater, one who eats, especially much; gluttonAgent noun of ܐܵܟ݂ܹܠ (āḵēl, “to eat”).
- gluttonous, voracious, eating muchAgent noun of ܐܵܟ݂ܹܠ (āḵēl, “to eat”).
- edible (able to be eaten)Agent noun of ܡܸܬ݂ܐܟ݂ܸܠ (miṯˀḵil, “to be eaten”), see ܡܸܬ- (mit-, “-able”) + -ܢܐ (-ānā).
- edible (anything edible)Agent noun of ܡܸܬ݂ܐܟ݂ܸܠ (miṯˀḵil, “to be eaten”), see ܡܸܬ- (mit-, “-able”) + -ܢܐ (-ānā).
- forming words pertaining to eatingFrom Proto-Semitic; compare Hebrew א־כ־ל (ʾ-k-l), Akkadian '-k-l and Arabic ء ك ل (ʔ k l).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- to eatFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔakal-. Compare Aramaic אֲכַל (ʾăḵal), Arabic أَكَلَ (ʔakala).
▸ 6 derivations
- derivedאבות אכלו בוסר ושיני בנים תקהינהavót akh'lú bóser v'shiné baním tik'héna
- derivedאָבוֹת אָכְלוּ בֹּסֶר וְשִׁנֵּי בָּנִים תִּקְהֶינָהavót akh'lú bóser v'shiné baním tik'héna
- derivedאוֹכֵל נְבֵלוֹתokhél nevelót
- derivedאוֹכֵל צְמָחִיםokhél ts'makhím
- derivedאָכַל אֶת הַכּוֹבַעakhál et hakóva
- relatedשָׁתָהshatá
- defective spelling of איכלFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔakal-. Compare Aramaic אֲכַל (ʾăḵal), Arabic أَكَلَ (ʔakala).
- defective spelling of אוכלFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔakal-. Compare Aramaic אֲכַל (ʾăḵal), Arabic أَكَلَ (ʔakala).
- defective spelling of אוכלFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔakal-. Compare Aramaic אֲכַל (ʾăḵal), Arabic أَكَلَ (ʔakala).
- foodFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔukl-. Compare Arabic أُكْل (ʔukl).
- to corrode, be consumed, be devoured
- to corrode
- food, nourishment.From Proto-Semitic *ʔuklat-. Feminine of אוכל / אֹכֶל (“food”), or a feminine infinitive form of the verb אָכַל (“to eat”). Compare Arabic أُكْلَة (ʔukla).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to eat together with another, share in another's meal
- See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
- to eat, to consume (food)From Proto-Semitic *ʔakal-.
- to erode
- to give (something) to eat, to feed
- gluttonous, voraciousCharacteristic adjective from أَكَلَ (ʔakala, “to eat”). Intensive form of آكِل (ʔākil, “eater”).
- meal, an instance of food, some scran
- plural of آكِل (ʔākil, “eating”)
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- foodFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔakal-.
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- body part; organ