s l m
33 lemmas · 8 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular📜 Gen.28.12
Themes:peace· سَلَام · שָׁלוֹם·7islam·4muslim·3mum·2become·2
POS shape:noun·21verb·6adj·4name·2
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*s-l-mProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadianšulmus l m— Non-mimated form of šulmum
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewסֻלָּםס ל ם— scale
Aramaic
Syriacܣܠܡܢܕܪܐܣ ܠ ܡ— salamander
Arabic
Arabicسَلَّمَس ل م— to surrender
South Semitic
Old South Arabian
Sabaean𐩪𐩡𐩣𐩪 𐩡 𐩣— peace
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezሰላምሰ ለ መ— peace
Amharicሰላምሰ ለ መ— peace
Tigrinyaሰላምሰ ለ መ— peace
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Akkadian
akk · 8 lemmas- Non-mimated form of šulmum
- verbal adjective of šalāmum:
- completeness, intact state
- verbal adjective of ṣalāmum:Compare Arabic ظَلِمَ (ẓalima, “to be(come) dark”) and Biblical Hebrew צַלְמָוֶת (ṣalmɔ́wɛṯ, “deep shadow”).
- effigy, image, likeness, drawingCognate with Biblical Hebrew צֶלֶם (ṣɛ́lɛm) and, by dissimilation of /l/ to /n/, Arabic صَنَم (ṣanam).
- to make peace, become reconciled, be at peaceCognate with Arabic سَلِمَ (salima, “to be free”) and Biblical Hebrew שָׁלַם (šɔlám, “to be in covenant of peace”).
- peace, concord, amityVerbal noun of 𒁲 (salāmum). Compare Arabic سِلْم (silm) / سَلْم (salm, “peace”) and Biblical Hebrew שֶׁלֶם (šɛ́lɛm, “peace treaty”), שָׁלוֹם (šɔlóm, “peace”).
- health, physical well-beingCompare Arabic سَلِمَ (salima, “to be safe”) and Biblical Hebrew שָׁלֵם (šɔlém, “to be sound, complete”).
Sabaean
irregular reflexsab · 1 lemma- peace
Classical Syriac
syc · 1 lemma- salamanderFrom Ancient Greek σαλαμάνδρα (salamándra).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- scaleBorrowed from Akkadian 𒄑𒄿𒇻 (simmiltum, “stair; stairs; ladder”) with metathesis. Cognate with Aramaic סוּלַם (sulam), Arabic سُلَّم (sullam), borrowed from the same etymon.
- number sign (the character # used to represent the word number)From סולם (sulam, “ladder”) + ־ית (-it, diminutive suffix).
- defective spelling of סולם
- IslamFrom Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām).
- escalation, intensification
- salmon (one of several species of fish, typically of the Salmoninae subfamily, brownish above with silvery sides and delicate pinkish-orange flesh; they ascend rivers to spawn)Ultimately from Latin salmō.
- plural indefinite form of סֻלָּם: defective spelling of סולמות
- Islamic: of or pertaining to Islam.From אסלאם (islám) + ־י (-í).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to surrenderCognates include Hebrew שלם and Aramaic שלם.
- stones
- Vachellia flava syn. Acacia ehrenbergiana (species of drought-resistant trees in the genus Vachellia)
- to convert to Islam, to become a Muslim
▸ 4 derivations
- derivedمُسْلِمmuslim
- derivedمُسْلِمَةmuslima
- derivedإِسْلَامِيّʔislāmiyy
- derivedإِسْلَامʔislām
- elative degree of سَالِم (sālim) and elative degree of سَلِيم (salīm):Elative of سَالِم (sālim, “safe; healthy”) and سَلِيم (salīm, “safe; healthy”).
- have handed over, to take over, to receive
Ge'ez
gez · 2 lemmas- peaceFrom Aramaic שְׁלָמָא / ܫܠܵܡܵܐ (šəlāmā).
- supplicant, requester
Amharic
am · 4 lemmas- peaceFrom Aramaic שְׁלָמָא / ܫܠܵܡܵܐ (šəlāmā).
- Muslim
- Muslim.
- IslamFrom Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām).
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- peaceFrom Aramaic שְׁלָמָא / ܫܠܵܡܵܐ (šəlāmā).