← All root families

r g m

25 lemmas · 9 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular📜 Num.4.13
Themes:stone· حَجَر · אֶבֶן·4stones· حِجَارَة · אֲבָנִים·4purple·3translate·3lapidation·2
POS shape:noun·14verb·11

This root is attested across 9 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.

Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family

*r-g-mProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadianrigmumr g mvoice, cry
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎗𐎂𐎎𐎗 𐎂 𐎎word
Canaanite
Hebrewרָגַםר ג מto stone to death
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicרגםר ג מto stone
Syriacܪܓܡܪ ܓ ܡto stone, kill with stones
Arabic
Arabicرُجْمَةر ج مtombstone, gravestone
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezተርጐመረ ገ መto translate
Amharicትርጉምረ ገ መto translate
Tigrinyaተርጐመረ ገ መto translate

Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.

Akkadian

akk · 2 lemmas
  • nouninferredWiktionary ↗
    voice, cry
    Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎗𐎂𐎎 (rgm /⁠rigmu⁠/, “word”). Perhaps also Arabic رَجْم (rajm, “(stone) throwing; insults hurling”) and Biblical Hebrew רִגְמָה (riḡmɔ́, hapax legomenon of uncertain meaning, interpreted by some scholars as meaning "shouting crowd"). Compare also Mishnaic Hebrew רֶגֶן (rɛ́ḡɛn, “murmuring,…
  • nouninferredWiktionary ↗
    red purple
    Unknown.

Ugaritic

irregular reflexug · 1 lemma
  • rgmnouninferredWiktionary ↗
    word
    Cognate with Akkadian 𒅗 (rigmum, “voice, sound”).

Imperial Aramaic

arc · 1 lemma
  • verbinferredWiktionary ↗
    to stone
    Compare Arabic رَجَمَ (rajama) and Classical Syriac ܪܓܡ (rəḡam).

Classical Syriac

syc · 4 lemmas
  • rəḡamverbattestedWiktionary ↗
    to stone, kill with stones
    From the root ܪ ܓ ܡ related to stoning; compare Arabic رَجَمَ (rajama), Hebrew רָגַם (rāḡam).
  • nounattestedWiktionary ↗
    lapidation, stoning
    From the root ܪ ܓ ܡ related to stoning.
  • ʾeṯrəḡemverbinferredWiktionary ↗
    to be stoned, have stones thrown at one
    Medio-passive form of the above.
  • rəḡāmnouninferredWiktionary ↗
    absolute singular of ܪܓܡܐ (rəḡāmā, “lapidation”)

Hebrew

he · 4 lemmas
  • ragámverbinferred📜 1Chr.2.47Wiktionary ↗
    to stone to death
    Cognate with Arabic رَجَمَ (rajama).
  • argamánnouninferred📜 Num.4.13Wiktionary ↗
    Tyrian purple, or a garment dyed with it (a purple-dye associated with royalty, as it was very expensive to produce)
    Uncertain, possibly borrowed from Akkadian 𒋠𒍝𒆳𒋛𒀀 (argamannu).
  • margemánouninferredWiktionary ↗
    mortar (short large-bore cannon)
  • origáminouninferredWiktionary ↗
    origami (the Japanese art of paper folding)
    From Japanese 折り紙 (origami).

Arabic

ar · 8 lemmas
  • rujmanounattested☪︎ Q.3:36Wiktionary ↗
    tombstone, gravestone
  • tarājamaverbattested☪︎ Q.3:36Wiktionary ↗
    to fight by throwing stones, to lapidate each other
  • istarjamaverbattested☪︎ Q.3:36Wiktionary ↗
    to ask or demand a stoning
  • rajamaverbinferred☪︎ Q.3:36Wiktionary ↗
    to stone, to lapidate, to throw stones at
    Compare Aramaic רגם (ragam), Classical Syriac ܪܓܡ (rəḡam) and Hebrew רָגַם (ragám).
  • rajmnouninferred☪︎ Q.3:36Wiktionary ↗
    verbal noun of رَجَمَ (rajama) (form I)
    Compare Aramaic רגם (ragam), Classical Syriac ܪܓܡ (rəḡam) and Hebrew רָגַם (ragám).
  • rajamnouninferred☪︎ Q.3:36Wiktionary ↗
    grave, tumulus
    Compare Aramaic רגם (ragam), Classical Syriac ܪܓܡ (rəḡam) and Hebrew רָגַם (ragám).
  • rujumnouninferred☪︎ Q.3:36Wiktionary ↗
    shooting stars
    Compare Aramaic רגם (ragam), Classical Syriac ܪܓܡ (rəḡam) and Hebrew רָגַם (ragám).
  • rujūmnouninferred☪︎ Q.3:36Wiktionary ↗
    plural of رَجْم (rajm)

Ge'ez

gez · 1 lemma
  • tärgʷämäverbinferredWiktionary ↗
    to translate
    See the root entry ت ر ج م (t r j m) for more information.

Amharic

am · 1 lemma
  • tərgumverbinferredWiktionary ↗
    to translate
    From Proto-Semitic.

Tigrinya

ti · 3 lemmas
  • tärgʷämäverbinferredWiktionary ↗
    to translate
  • tərgʷamenouninferredWiktionary ↗
    commentary, interpretation, explanation
  • mətrəgʷamverbinferredWiktionary ↗
    infinitive of ተርጐመ (tärgʷämä)

Related rootsshare 2 of 3 consonants with r-g-m

Compare two languages side-by-side