ʾ g r
33 lemmas · 8 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.📜 Ezra.4.8
Themes:rent·4roof·3rooftop·3letter· رِسَالَة · מִכְתָּב·3epistle·3
POS shape:noun·18verb·13root·1name·1
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ʾ-g-rProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewאַגְרָהא ג ר— fee, toll
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicאגראא ג ר— roof, rooftop
Syriacܐܓܘܪܐܐ ܓ ܪ— hirer, employer
Assyrian NAܐܵܓ݂ܹܪܐ ܓ ܪ— to hire, rent
Arabic
Arabicآجَرَء ج ر— to rent out
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezአጋርአ ገ ረ— Hagar, the handmaiden of Sarah, Abraham's wife, who she gave to him to bear him children
Amharicአገርአ ገ ረ— country, district, region
Tigrinyaእግሪአ ገ ረ— foot
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 2 lemmas- roof, rooftop
- letter, epistleCognates exist in many Semitic languages. The ultimate origin may be Iranian (compare Persian انگاره (engâre)).
Classical Syriac
syc · 4 lemmas- hirer, employerFrom the root ܐ ܓ ܪ related to hiring.
- hired worker, workman, hireling, employee, servantFrom the root ܐ ܓ ܪ, related to hiring; compare Arabic أَجِير (ʔajīr).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܐܓܝܪܘܬܐʾăḡīrūṯā
- roof, rooftopDeveloped from Imperial Aramaic 𐡀𐡂𐡓𐡀 (ʾgrʾ /*ʾeggārā/, “wall”), from Akkadian 𒂍𒋞 (igārum, “wall”), from Sumerian 𒂍𒋞 (e₂-gar₈ /egar/, “wall”).
- letter, epistleFrom Akkadian 𒂊𒄈𒌓 (egertu, “inscribed tablet; oracle of fate, ambiguous wording; contract, bound deal”), possibly via Old Persian 𐎠𐎥𐎼𐎠 (*angarā, “missive, letter”). Compare Hebrew אִגֶּרֶת (ʾiggéreṯ).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- to hire, rentLearned borrowing from Classical Syriac, from Aramaic [Term?]; while the dialectal vocalization instead is Borrowed from Arabic أَجَرَ (ʔajara, “to hire, rent”). Compare Hebrew אָגַר (agár, “to gather, harvest”).
- roof, rooftopOriginally the plural form from Aramaic אֵגָּרָא (ʾeggārā, “roof”), from Akkadian 𒂍𒋞 (igārum, “wall”), from Sumerian 𒂍𒋞 (e₂-gar₈ /egar/, “wall”); also borrowed into Arabic إِجَّار (ʔijjār) from Aramaic.
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܐܲܓ݂ܪܵܝܵܐaḡrāyā
- salary, wages, payOf the noun pattern 1a23ā, inherited from Aramaic אַגְרָא (ʾaḡrā); cognate to Arabic أَجْر (ʔajr).
- to lease, let, rent outCausative stem of ܐܵܓ݂ܹܪ (āḡēr, “to rent, hire”); compare Arabic آجَرَ (ʔājara).
- employer, hirerActive noun of ܐܵܓ݂ܹܪ (āḡēr, “to hire, rent”).
- employee, hired workerPassive participle of ܐܵܓ݂ܹܪ (āḡēr, “to hire, employ”) with the initial noun a semi-learned borrowing from Classical Syriac; compare Arabic أَجِير (ʔajīr).
- passive participle of ܐܵܓ݂ܹܪ (āḡēr)Passive participle of ܐܵܓ݂ܹܪ (āḡēr, “to hire, employ”) with the initial noun a semi-learned borrowing from Classical Syriac; compare Arabic أَجِير (ʔajīr).
- letter, epistleInherited from Aramaic אֵגַּרְתָא (ʾeggarṯā) from Akkadian 𒂊𒄈𒌓 (egertu, “inscribed tablet; contract”); compare Hebrew אִגֶּרֶת (ʾiggéreṯ).
▸ 4 derivations
- derivedܐܸܓܲܪܬ݂ܘܿܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐiggarṯōnīṯā
- derivedܐܸܓܲܪܬ݂ܵܐ ܐܸܠܝܼܩܲܛܪܘܿܢܵܝܬܵܐiggarṯā ilīqaṭrōnāytā
- derivedܐܸܓܲܪܬ݂ܵܐ ܛܸܒܵܢܵܝܬܵܐiggarṯā ṭibbānāytā
- derivedܬܲܘܣܲܦܬܵܐ ܕܐܸܓܲܪܬ݂ܵܐtawsaptā d-iggarṯā
Hebrew
he · 6 lemmas- fee, toll
- a reserve, a stockpile, a reservoir (place where anything is kept for future use, including water)
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedמַאֲגַר מֵידָע
- to be hoarded, to be stored, to be accumulated, to be gathered
- agora (since 1960, a monetary unit and coin of Israel, the 100th part of a shekel / sheqel)From the root א־ג־ר (ʾ-g-r, “forming words relating to hoarding and storing”). Compare אָגַר (agár, “to hoard, to store, to accumulate”).
▸ 1 derivation
- relatedשקל
- to hoard, to store, to accumulate, to gather
- Related to collection, accumulation.The "letter" sense may be borrowed from Akkadian 𒂊𒄈𒌅 (egertu).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to rent out
- to reward, to pay, to compensateCompare Hebrew אגר (agár, “to gather, to harvest”).
- to rent, to hire
Ge'ez
gez · 2 lemmas- Hagar, the handmaiden of Sarah, Abraham's wife, who she gave to him to bear him childrenBorrowed from Hebrew הָגָר (hagár).
- footMetathesized from Proto-Semitic *rigl-.
Amharic
am · 2 lemmas- country, district, region
- leg, footCommon Ethiopian Semitic metathesis from Proto-Semitic *rigl-.
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- foot