q r b
37 lemmas · 9 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular📜 Gen.20.4
Themes:near·17approach·12close·6nearness·3offering·3
POS shape:noun·17verb·12adj·4adv·3prep·1
This root is attested across 9 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*q-r-bProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎖𐎗𐎁𐎖 𐎗 𐎁— to approach, come near, go near
Canaanite
Hebrewקָרַבק ר ב— to approach.
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicקרבק ר ב— to be near, to approach
Syriacܩܪܒܐܩ ܪ ܒ— nearness
Assyrian NAܩܵܪܹܒ݂ܩ ܪ ܒ— to be/become near or close, to draw near, to approach
Arabic
Arabicقَرُبَق ر ب— to be near, to come near, to approach
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezቍርባንק ר ב— sacrifice, offering, burnt-offering, oblation
Amharicቀረበቀ ረ በ— to be near, to be close, to approach
Tigrinyaቀረበቀ ረ በ— to be near, to be close, to approach
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- to approach, come near, go near
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 2 lemmas- to be near, to approach
- war, battle, fighting
Classical Syriac
syc · 5 lemmas- nearnessFrom the root ܩ ܪ ܒ related to approaching. Cognate with Arabic قَرَابَة (qarāba, “nearness”).
- about, almostFrom the root ܩ ܪ ܒ related to approaching. Compare Arabic قُرْب (qurb) and Hebrew קֵרוּב (qērûḇ).
- nearness, proximity, vicinityFrom the root ܩ ܪ ܒ related to approaching. Compare Arabic قُرْب (qurb) and Hebrew קֵרוּב (qērûḇ).
- offering, oblation, sacrificeFrom the root ܩ ܪ ܒ related to approaching. Compare Arabic قُرْبَان (qurbān) and Hebrew קָרְבָּן (qorbān).
- amberFrom Middle Persian khlpʾd (kah-rubāy).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- to be/become near or close, to draw near, to approachFrom Aramaic קְרֵב (qərēḇ), from Proto-Semitic *ḳarib-; compare Arabic قَرِبَ (qariba), Hebrew קָרַב (karáv) and Akkadian 𒆪𒉡 (/qerēbum/).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܡܲܩܪܸܒ݂maqriḇ
- to cause, allow or bring near; to make or let approachCausitive stem of the verb ܩܵܪܹܒ݂ (qārēḇ, “to approach, to be near”); compare Arabic قَرَّبَ (qarraba), أَقْرَبَ (ʔaqraba), Hebrew קֵרֵב (kerév) and הִקְרִיב (hikrív).
- verbal noun of ܩܵܪܹܒ݂ (qārēḇ, “to approach; to be/become near”)Inherited from Aramaic קְרָבָא (qrāḇā), derived from the verb ܩܵܪܹܒ݂ (qārēḇ, “to approach, to be/become near”); compare also borrowed into Akkadian 𒋡𒊏𒁍 (/qarābu/) and Hebrew קְרָב (krav); compare also cognate with Arabic قَرَابَة (qarāba, “nearness”).
▸ 5 derivations
- derivedܐܲܣܝܼܪ ܩܪܵܒ݂ܵܐasīr qrāḇā
- derivedܣܘܼܪܚܵܢ ܩܪܵܒ݂ܵܐsurḥān qrāḇā
- derivedܩܪܵܒ݂ܬܵܢܵܐqrāḇtānā
- derivedܩܪܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܡܕ݂ܝܼܢܵܝܵܐqrāḇā mḏīnāyā
- derivedܩܪܵܒ݂ܵܝܵܐqrāḇāyā
- nearness, proximity, vicinityInherited from Aramaic קוּרְבָּא (qurbā); cognate to Arabic قُرْب (qurb) and Hebrew קִרְבָה (kirvá).
- soon, shortly, in the near future
- warring, fighting, clashingSemi-learned borrowing from Classical Syriac, from the noun ܩܪܵܒ݂ܵܐ (qrāḇā, “war”).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܩܪܵܒ݂ܬܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ݂qrāḇtānāˀīṯ
- warrior, combatant, fighterSemi-learned borrowing from Classical Syriac, from the noun ܩܪܵܒ݂ܵܐ (qrāḇā, “war”).
- feminine of ܩܲܪܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ (qarīḇā, “near, nigh; close; local”)See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- to approach.Compare Ge'ez ቀርበ (ḳärbä) and Arabic قَرُبَ (qaruba).
▸ 6 derivations
- derivedקרב איגרוףkrav igrúf
- derivedקְרַב אִגְרוּףkrav igrúf
- derivedקְרַב מַגָּעkrav magá
- derivedקְרַב רַבkrav rav
- derivedרוּחַ קְרָבrúakh kráv
- relatedמַאֲבָקma'avák
- battle, warCompare Ge'ez ቀርበ (ḳärbä) and Arabic قَرُبَ (qaruba).
- Soon, in the near future.From בְּ־ (b'-, “in”) + קָרוֹב (karóv, “close, near”).
- to bring, to present, to offer
- To approach, to become closer (to something), to draw near.
- feminine singular indefinite form of קָרוֹב (karóv)
- close-up
- a ritual sacrifice, as of an animalFrom Proto-Semitic [Term?]. Compare Arabic قُرْبَان (qurbān).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to be near, to come near, to approach* From the root ق ر ب (q r b), with the form I being reconstructed securely as Proto-Semitic *ḳarib-, likewise the form II as Proto-Semitic *ḳarrib-.
- elative degree of قَرِيب (qarīb):Elative of قَرِيب (qarīb, “near”).
- to cause a thing to be nearly filled or completed, to be close to being reached, to approach nigh to a time, point, or degree
- small boat, skiff, dinghyDerived from the active participle of قَرِبَ (qariba, “to approach, to come near or be near, to be connecting or adjacent”). Originally referring to a small boat used by a seaman as a convenient means to approach shore rather than bringing a larger vessel to port.
- water containerSee جِرَاب (jirāb).
- kinship
- to approach, to near, to draw near (مِنْ (min) to)
- about, almost, approximately, just, nearly, roughlyCompare قَرُبَ (qaruba, “to be near”).
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- sacrifice, offering, burnt-offering, oblationCognate with Hebrew קָרְבָּן, Classical Syriac ܩܽܘܪܒܳܢܳܐ, Arabic قُرْبَانٌ (qurbānun).
Amharic
am · 2 lemmas- to be near, to be close, to approachFrom Proto-Semitic *ḳarib-.
- hill
Tigrinya
ti · 2 lemmas- to be near, to be close, to approachFrom Proto-Semitic *ḳarib-.
- bag