ʿ r b
42 lemmas · 8 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular📜 Gen.1.5
Themes:arab·6west·5arabic·5guarantor·4arabs·4
POS shape:noun·28verb·6adj·5name·3
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ʿ-r-bProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewעֶרֶבע ר ב— evening, night
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicערבע ר ב— to set, to go down
Syriacܥܪܒܐܥ ܪ ܒ— sunset
Assyrian NAܡܲܥܪܸܒ݂ܥ ܪ ܒ— to make to set
Arabic
Arabicعَرَّبَع ر ب— to translate into Arabic
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezዐርብዐ ረ በ— eve of the sabbath, parasceue, Friday
Amharicዓርብዐ ረ በ— Friday
Tigrinyaዓርቢዐ ረ በ— Friday
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 3 lemmas- to set, to go down
- cup, measure
- sponsor, guarantor
Classical Syriac
syc · 8 lemmas- sunsetFrom the root ܥ ܪ ܒ related to setting, from Proto-Semitic *ġrb; compare Arabic غَرْب (ḡarb), Hebrew עֶרֶב (ʿéreḇ).
- west, occidentCompare Arabic مَغْرِب (maḡrib), غَرْب (ḡarb) and Hebrew מַעֲרָב (maʿărāḇ)
- mixture, minglingFrom the root ܥ ܪ ܒ related to mixing. Compare Hebrew עֵרֶב (ʿḗreḇ).
- eve, day of preparation
- ArabahCompare Arabic عَرَبَة (ʕaraba), Hebrew עֲרָבָה (ʿărāḇâ).
- Arab, Arabian, Arabic
- sponsor, guarantor, surety, securerModified from ܥܪܒܐ (ʿərāḇā, “guarantee, surety”); compare Arabic عَرَّابَة (ʕarrāba), Hebrew עְרֵבָה (ʿərēḇâ).
- emphatic plural of ܥܘܪܒܐ (ʿūrḇā, “crow, raven”)
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- to make to setCausative stem of the verb ܥܵܪܹܒ݂ (ˁārēḇ, “to set as the sun”).
- sunset, sundownInherited from Aramaic עְרָּבָא (ʿərāḇā); compare Hebrew עֶרֶב (érev, “evening, night”).
- sponsor, guarantor, surety, securerActive noun of Aramaic עֲרַב (ʿăraḇ, “to vouch for”); compare Arabic عَرَّاب (ʕarrāb), Hebrew עָרֵב ('arév).
- to westernize, to make like the western countriesDenominal verb of ܡܲܥܪܒ݂ܵܐ (maˁrḇā, “west”), neologism and calque of English westernize.
- ArabFrom Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab, “Arabs”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܥܲܪܒ݂ܵܐܝܼܬˁarḇāˀīt
- ArabFrom Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab, “Arabs”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
- mortage; down payment, earnest money, retainer, pledgeMorphologically from a variant of Aramaic עַרְבֹונָא (ʿarbōnā, “pledge”) with the root suspected to have spread into Northwest Semitic from Akkadian 𒂊𒊒𒁀𒁺 (/erubātu/, “pledge, tantum”, literally “a state of entering into something, initiating or showing intent (to do business)”); compare numerous cognates such as…
- Arabic languageFrom ܥܲܪܒ݂ܵܝܵܐ (ˁarḇāyā, “Arab”) + -ܐܝܼܬ݂ (-īṯ, the language suffix).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- evening, night
▸ 6 derivations
- derivedארוחת ערבarukhát érev
- derivedבין ערבייםben arbáyim
- derivedלִפְנוֹת עֶרֶבlifnót érev
- derivedעֶרֶב חַג הַמּוֹלָדérev khág hamolád
- derivedעֶרֶב טוֹבérev tov
- derivedעֲרָב הַסָעוּדִיתaráv hasa'udít
- cosigner (guarantor on a debt)
- mixture
- defective spelling of עורב
- westNoun of place from עֶרֶב (érev, “evening”) or עָרַב (aráv, “to set”). Compare Arabic مَغْرِب (maḡrib)
- The West, the Western world.Noun of place from עֶרֶב (érev, “evening”) or עָרַב (aráv, “to set”). Compare Arabic مَغْرِب (maḡrib)
- ravenFrom Proto-Semitic *ḡurayb- (“raven, crow”). Compare Aramaic עורבא (ʿurbaʾ), Arabic غُرَاب (ḡurāb).
- steppe, prairie, savannahRelated to Arabic عَرَبَة (ʕaraba, “strong river”) and perhaps to عَرَب (ʕarab, “Arabs”).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedזְאֵב עֲרָבוֹתz'év aravót
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to translate into Arabic
- Arabs, true Arabs
- masculine plural of عَرَبِيّ (ʕarabiyy)
- to Arabicize, Arabize; to give an Arabic form
- to assimilate oneself to the Arabs, to become an Arab, to adopt the customs of the Arabs
- ArabEtymology tree
- female equivalent of عَرَبِيّ (ʕarabiyy, “Arab person”)
- feminine singular of عَرَبِيّ (ʕarabiyy, “Arabic”)
Ge'ez
gez · 2 lemmas- eve of the sabbath, parasceue, FridayCognate with Aramaic עֲרוּבְתָּא, Classical Syriac ܥܪܘܽܒܬܳܐ.
- west
Amharic
am · 2 lemmas- Friday
- westernFrom ምዕራብ (məʿrab).
Tigrinya
ti · 3 lemmas- Friday
- west
- wheelchair