g n n
33 lemmas · 9 languages
geminateSecond and third consonants are identical (ḥ-b-b 'love'). Surface forms often show a doubled consonant (mediae geminatae).📜 Gen.3.23
Themes:garden·7shield·3demon·3buckler·2bed·2
POS shape:noun·24verb·4adj·3adv·1name·1
This root is attested across 9 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*g-n-nProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewהַגָּןג נ ן— singular definite form of גן (gan): the garden
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicגנןג נ נ— to dwell, to inhabit
Syriacܓܢܝܐܓ ܢ ܢ— hiding place, shelter
Assyrian NAܡܲܓܵܢܓ ܢ ܢ— gratis, gratuitously, free of charge
Turoyoܓܢܢܐܓ ܢ ܢ— gardener
Arabic
Arabicجِنّج ن ن— spiritual or otherwise unseen, undetectable, masked, or morphed beings that may be benevolent or helpful (agathodaemons, eudaemons), neutral, or malevolent (cacodemons); demonkind, jinn, genies
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezጋንንገ ነ ነ— demon
Amharicጋኔንገ ነ ነ— demon
Tigrinyaጋኔንገ ነ ነ— demon
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- to dwell, to inhabit
Classical Syriac
syc · 7 lemmas- hiding place, shelterFrom the root ܓ ܢ ܢ, related to protecting or hiding
- garden, parkFrom the root ܓ ܢ ܢ, originally meaning to protect or keep hidden, the lying down sense developing from reclining in gardens. Compare Akkadian 𒃶a𒈾𒌅 (/gannatu/, “vegetable garden, grove; private garden area”), Arabic جَنَّة (janna), and Hebrew גִּנָּה (ginnâ).
- armed, equipped (with a buckler)
- absolute singular of ܡܓܢܐ
- masculine absolute singular of ܡܓܢܐ
- emphatic plural of ܓܘܢܐ
- bed, couch (especially bridal bed or chamber)From Akkadian 𒂷𒉣 (GA₂.NUN /ganūnu/).
▸ 5 derivations
- derivedܒܝܬ ܓܢܘܢܐ
- derivedܒܪ ܓܢܘܢܐ
- derivedܓܢܘܢ ܚܕܘܬܐ
- derivedܓܢܘܢ ܚܝܐ
- derivedܓܢܘܢ ܫܘܒܚܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 5 lemmas- gratis, gratuitously, free of chargeInherited from Aramaic מַגָּן (maggān), from Akkadian 𒁹𒈠𒂵𒉡 (ana magāni) which is considered ultimately a loanword from Indo-Iranian in origin; compare also borrowed into Arabic مَجَّان (majjān).
- gardener, horticulturistOccupational noun derived from ܓܲܢܬ݂ܵܐ (ganṯā, “garden”)
- garden (piece of ground appropriated for the cultivation of fruits, herbs, flowers and vegetables)From Aramaic גַנְתָא (gannəṯā); related to Akkadian 𒃶𒈾𒌅 (/gannatu/, “vegetable garden, grove; private garden area”), Arabic جَنَّة (janna), and Hebrew גִּנָּה (ginná).
▸ 6 derivations
- derivedܓܲܢܘܿܣܬܵܐganōstā
- derivedܓܲܢܵܢܵܐgannānā
- derivedܒܲܕ݂ܡܘܼܬ݂ ܓܲܢܬ݂ܵܐbaḏmūṯ ganṯā
- derivedܢܵܛܲܪ ܓܲܢܬ݂ܵܐnāṭar ganṯā
- derivedܓܲܢܲܬ݂ ܚܲܝ̈ܘܵܬ݂ܹܐgannaṯ ḥaywāṯē
- relatedܕܵܪܬܵܐdārtā
- short buckler, round shieldLearned borrowing from Classical Syriac, Tool noun of ܡܲܓܸܢ (maggin); compare Arabic مِجَنّ (mijann), Phoenician 𐤌𐤂𐤍 (mgn), and Hebrew מָגֵן (magén).
- free of charge, gratisFrom ܡܲܓܵܢ (maggān, “free of charge”, adverb) + -ܵܝܵܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending); compare also Arabic مَجَّانِيّ (majjāniyy).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- singular definite form of גן (gan): the garden
- shield (a broad piece of defensive armor, held in hand, formerly in general use in war, for the protection of the body)Cognate with Arabic مِجَنّ (mijann) and Phoenician 𐤌𐤂𐤍 (mgn).
▸ 4 derivations
- derivedמָגֵן אֲשָׁכִיםmagén ashakhím
- derivedמָגֵן בֵּיצִיםmagén beytsím
- derivedמָגֵן דָּוִדmagén davíd
- derivedאֵפוֹד מָגֵןefód magén
- garden
- defense, protectionVerbal noun of הֵגֵן (hegén, “to defend, protect”).
- Gardening, horticulture: the care of a garden.Action noun of the verb גינן / גִּנֵּן (ginén).
- horticulture, gardening
- to defend oneself
- a gardenProbably a nominal from the same root as the Ancient Hebrew verb גָּנַן (“to defend, to protect”), and so having the etymological sense of "a protected thing". Compare Arabic جَنَّة (janna).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- spiritual or otherwise unseen, undetectable, masked, or morphed beings that may be benevolent or helpful (agathodaemons, eudaemons), neutral, or malevolent (cacodemons); demonkind, jinn, geniesFormally from the root ج ن ن (j n n), related to disappearance, hiding and concealment, though most likely a back-formation from جِنِّي (jinnī), derived from Classical Syriac ܓܢܝ (gnē, “spirit, genie”), or its emphatic form Aramaic גניא (ginnāyā) or Classical Syriac ܓܢܝܐ (genyā), also meaning "a tutelary deity" or…
- to be possessedDenominal verb from جِنّ (jinn, “jinn; spirit, demon”), leveled to the root ج ن ن (j n n).
- snake, serpentHas the form derived from the active participle, as if from جَنَّ (janna, “to hide”) (in the passive جُنَّ (junna, “to go crazy”)).
- gardenRelated to جَنّ (jann, “covering, protecting”), the sense of a paradise being borrowed from Classical Syriac ܓܰܢܬܳܐ (gannəṯā). Compare Hebrew גַּן (gan), Aramaic גִּנָּא (ginnā), Ugaritic 𐎂𐎐 (gn).
▸ 3 derivations
- relatedجَنَائِنِيّjanāʔiniyy
- relatedجَنَّانjannān
- relatedجُنَيْنَةjunayna
- a shieldTool noun from the root ج ن ن (j n n). Cognate to Classical Syriac ܡܓܶܢܳܐ (məgennā, “shield”), Phoenician 𐤌𐤂𐤍 (mgn, “shield”), and Hebrew מָגֵן (māgén, “shield”).
- embryo, foetus
- Jenin (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)Grammatically belongs to the root ج ن ن (j n n).
- to go crazy
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- demonFrom Proto-Semitic; compare Amharic and Tigrinya ጋኔን (ganen), Arabic جِنّ (jinn).
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- demonFrom Proto-Semitic; compare Ge'ez ጋንን (ganən) and Arabic جِنّ (jinn).
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- demonFrom Proto-Semitic; compare Ge'ez ጋንን (ganən) and Arabic جِنّ (jinn).
Turoyo
tru · 1 lemma- gardener