š r r
29 lemmas · 8 languages
geminateSecond and third consonants are identical (ḥ-b-b 'love'). Surface forms often show a doubled consonant (mediae geminatae).T Gen.21.22
Themes:evil·5report·3arra·3true·2navel·2
POS shape:noun·18adj·5verb·4name·1adv·1
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*š-r-rProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎌𐎗𐎗𐎌 𐎗 𐎗— true
Canaanite
Hebrewשַׂרשׂ ר ר— captain, commander
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicשררש ר ר— to be true, to be sure
Syriacܫܘܪܐܫ ܪ ܪ— navel, umbilical cord
Assyrian NAܡܫܲܪܸܪܫ ܪ ܪ— To verify, confirm, ascertain, authenticate
Arabic
Arabicشَرّش ر ر— verbal noun of شَرَّ (šarra) (form I)
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicሸረሪትሸ ረ ረ— spider
Tigrinyaሸረሪትሸ ረ ረ— alternative form of ሳሬት (saret)
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 2 lemmas- trueCompare Aramaic שרירא (“true”).
- enemy, foeCompare Arabic شَرّ (šarr, “evil”).
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- to be true, to be sure
Classical Syriac
syc · 4 lemmas- navel, umbilical cordFrom the root ܫ ܪ ܪ related to firmness. Compare Arabic سُرّ (surr).
- firmness, solidity
▸ 1 derivation
- relatedܫܪܝܪܘܬܐ
- firmness, strengthFrom ܫܪܝܪܐ (šarrīrā, “firm”), from the root ܫ ܪ ܪ related to firmness + the abstract noun ending -ܘܬܐ (-ūṯā). Compare Hebrew שְׁרִירוּת (šərîrûṯ).
▸ 1 derivation
- relatedܫܪܪܐ
- new sprout, tender shootFrom Akkadian 𒊺𒅕𒍣 (šarūru [ŠE.ER.ZI]).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 7 lemmas- To verify, confirm, ascertain, authenticateIntensitive stem of the above root.
- truth, verity, factLearned borrowing from Classical Syriac and the verbal noun of ܫܵܐܹܪ (šāˀēr).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܒܫܪܵܪܵܐbšrārā
- a unisex given nameLearned borrowing from Classical Syriac and the verbal noun of ܫܵܐܹܪ (šāˀēr).
- to reportDenominal verb of ܬܲܫܪܵܪܵܐ (tašrārā, “report”).
- navel, belly button, umbilicusCompare Arabic سُرَّة (surra).
- report, official reportOf the noun pattern ta12ā3ā.
- really, trulyFrom ܫܲܪܝܼܪܵܐ (šarīrā, “true”) + -ܐܝܼܬ݂ (-ˀīṯ, “adverbial suffix”)
▸ 1 derivation
- relatedܒܫܪܵܪܵܐbšrārā
Hebrew
he · 5 lemmas- captain, commanderCognate with Akkadian 𒈗 (šarrum)
- A muscle.
- muscular: having large or pronounced muscles; also used figurativelyFrom שְׁרִיר (sh'rir, “muscle”) + ־י (-í, “-ic”).
- poet
- plural construct state form of שריר (sh'rir)
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- verbal noun of شَرَّ (šarra) (form I)Compare Ugaritic 𐎌𐎗𐎗 (šrr).
- verbal noun of شَرَّ (šarra) (form I)
- spark, spunk
- evil
- very evil; villainous
- verbal noun of شَرَّ (šarra) (form I)
- to be bad, to be evil, to act badly
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedاِتَّقِ شَرَّ الْحَلِيمِ إِذَا غَضِبittaqi šarra l-ḥalīmi ʔiḏā ḡaḍib, proverb
- derivedاِتَّقِ شَرَّ مَنْ أَحْسَنْتَ إِلَيْهِittaqi šarra man ʔaḥsanta ʔilayhi, proverb
- more evil, worse; most evil, worstCompare Ugaritic 𐎌𐎗𐎗 (šrr).
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- spiderA Cushitic borrowing. Cognate with Ge'ez ሣሬት (śaret, “spider”).
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- alternative form of ሳሬት (saret)