ʿ š r
26 lemmas · 7 languages
soundAll three consonants are regularT Gen.5.14
Themes:ten· عَشَرَة · עֶשֶׂר·4calotropis·4twenty·3teen·2defective·2
POS shape:noun·11num·9numeral·4adj·1verb·1
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ʿ-š-rProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎓𐎌𐎗𐎓 𐎌 𐎗— feminine of 𐎓𐎌𐎗𐎚 (ʿašratu)
Canaanite
Hebrewעָשָׂרע שׂ ר— -teen
Phoenician𐤏𐤔𐤓𐤏 𐤔 𐤓
Punic𐤏𐤔𐤓𐤏 𐤔 𐤓— .
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicעשריןע ש ר— twenty
Arabic
Arabicعَشْرع ش ر— masculine of عَشَرَة (ʕašara, “ten”)
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicአስተማሪע ש ר— teacher
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 4 lemmas- feminine of 𐎓𐎌𐎗𐎚 (ʿašratu)
- twentyFrom Proto-Semitic *ʿiśrū-. Compare Hebrew עֶשְׂרִים (ʿeśrīm), Aramaic עֶסְרִין (ʿesrīn), Arabic عِشْرُون (ʕišrūn).
- tenFrom Proto-Semitic *ʕaśaratum (“ten”). Cognate with Arabic عَشَرَة (ʕašara) and Biblical Hebrew עֲשָׂרָה (ʿăśārâ).
- banquetFrom Proto-Semitic *ʕaśaratum (“ten”). Cognate with Arabic عَشَرَة (ʕašara) and Biblical Hebrew עֲשָׂרָה (ʿăśārâ).
Phoenician
irregular reflexphn · 2 lemmasPunic
irregular reflexpun · 2 lemmas- .
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- twenty
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- -teen
- defective spelling of עושר.
- tithe
- richness, wealth
- A period of ten days.
- defective spelling of עישור
- rich, wealthy, well off: having a lot of money and possessions
▸ 3 derivations
- derivedמַצָּה עֲשִׁירָהmatzá ashirá
- relatedעושרósher
- relatedעֹשֶׁרósher
- tenFrom Proto-Semitic *ʿaśr-.
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- masculine of عَشَرَة (ʕašara, “ten”)
- -teen (in numerals 11–19, e.g. أَحَدَ عَشَرَ (ʔaḥada ʕašara, “eleven”))
- one tenthFrom the root ع ش ر (ʕ š r); compare عَشَرَة (ʕašara, “ten”).
- apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera) as well as crown flower (Calotropis gigantea), milkweed (the genus Calotropis, which has only these two species and Calotropis acia in India)From the root ع ش ر (ʕ š r), perhaps in the sense of association because the fibrous plant yields cordage for medicinal purposes.
- to befriend
- tither, publican, who collects tithes or other leviesOccupational noun from the root ع ش ر (ʕ š r).
- full-term she-camelsFrom the root ع ش ر (ʕ š r). Pregnancy of the Arabian camel lasts 390 days, so after ten months a she-camel is called so.
- twentyFrom Proto-Semitic *ʿiśrū-. Compare Hebrew עֶשְׂרִים (ʿeśrīm), Aramaic עֶסְרִין (ʿesrīn) and Ugaritic 𐎓𐎌𐎗𐎎 (ʿšrm).
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- teacher