q r š
26 lemmas · 7 languages
soundAll three consonants are regularT Exod.26.18
Themes:top·3frost·2qurayshi·2qurayshite·2thin·2
POS shape:noun·17verb·5name·3adj·1
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*q-r-šProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎖𐎗𐎌𐎖 𐎗 𐎌— pavilion
Canaanite
Hebrewקֶרֶשׁק ר שׁ— board, plank
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicקְרַשׁק ר ש— to congeal, solidify
Syriacܩܘܪܫܐܩ ܪ ܫ— cold, frost, iciness, chill
Assyrian NAܩܵܪܹܫܩ ܪ ܫ— to collect, form into a thin top layer
Arabic
Arabicقَرَشَق ر ش— to gnash, to grind (one's teeth)
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Tigrinyaቀርሺቀ ረ ሸ— thaler
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- pavilion
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- to congeal, solidifyRelated to Hebrew קָרַשׁ (karásh, qɔraš, “to solidify”)
Classical Syriac
syc · 2 lemmas- cold, frost, iciness, chill
- Qurayshi, QurayshiteFrom ܩܘܪܝܫ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 5 lemmas- to collect, form into a thin top layer
- crust of ice on snow; frostInherited from Aramaic [Term?], of the noun pattern 1u23ā. Compare Classical Syriac ܩܘܼܪܫܵܐ (“cold, frost”).
- traditional hut made of straw and mud used to house livestock and for storage, and sometimes served as housing for the poor
- cream (the oily part of milk that rises to the top)Of the noun pattern 12o3tā.
- anything that forms as a thin top layer, such as the crust of yogurt, meat broth, or seafoamFeminine of the noun pattern 1i22ō3ā.
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- board, plank
- to coagulate
- clot
- to gel, to jelly
- gelFrom the root ק־ר־ש (k-r-sh, “forming words relating to being solid”) and the pattern תַּקְטִיל. Coined by Academy of the Hebrew Language in 2007 as a replacement for גֶ׳ל (jel, “gel”).
- crochet
- Bucharest (the capital city of Romania)
- ironing board
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to gnash, to grind (one's teeth)
- verbal noun of قَرَشَ (qaraša) (form I)
- sharkFrom قَرَشَ (qaraša, “to gnash, to grind (one's teeth)”). Doubtfully from Ancient Greek καρχαρίας (karkharías, “shark”), from κάρχαρος (kárkharos, “sharp, jagged”), also present in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic כרשא (“probably shark”), Latin carcharias, carcharus.
- alternative form of هِرْشَفّ (hiršaff)
- Qurayshi, Qurayshite, relating to the tribe of Qurayshقُرَيْش (qurayš) + ـِيّ (-iyy); for further etymology see قُرَيْش (qurayš).
- plural of قِرْش (qirš)
- Quraysh (Arabian tribe or tribal confederacy)Various theories exist. One theory cites the Diminutive form of قِرْش (qirš, “shark, any large fish that eats smaller fish”); the name semantically is parallel to being the top dog, as sharks are apex predators at the top of their food chain. 9th-century scholar Hisham ibn al-Kalbi asserted that the name stemmed from…
▸ 3 derivations
- derivedبَنُو قُرَيْشbanū qurayš
- derivedقُرَشِيّqurašiyy
- derivedقُرَيْشِيّqurayšiyy
- alternative form of هِرْشَفّ (hiršaff)
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- thalerFrom Arabic قِرْش (qirš). The meaning is from the Maria Theresa thaler.