g r m
34 lemmas · 7 languages
soundAll three consonants are regularT Gen.49.14
Themes:bone· عَظْم · עֶצֶם·4germany·4crime·4backbone·2spine·2
POS shape:noun·25verb·7name·1adj·1
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*g-r-mProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadiangūrumg r m— foliage/leaves of reed and papyrus plants
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewגְּרָםג ר ם— gram
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicגרמאג ר מ— bone
Syriacܓܪܡܐܓ ܪ ܡ— bone
Assyrian NAܓܵܪܹܡܓ ܪ ܡ— to decide, resolve
Arabic
Arabicجُرْمج ر م— crime, sin, wrongdoing
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicገረመገ ረ መ— to impress
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Akkadian
akk · 3 lemmas- foliage/leaves of reed and papyrus plantsPossibly a loanword from Sumerian 𒄀𒌫 (gi-ur₂ /gi'ur/, “root, base of the reed plant”).
- wall (of a building, house, garden)From earlier Sumerian 𒂍𒋞 (e₂-gar₈ /egar/, “wall of a building”).
- arable land, meadowPossibly borrowed from Sumerian 𒀀𒃼 (a-gar₃ /agar/, “arable land”).
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 2 lemmas- bone
- backbone, spineFrom גרמא ("bone") and חצא ("back").
Classical Syriac
syc · 3 lemmas- boneCompare Hebrew גֶּרֶם (gérem).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܬܓܪܘܡܬܐtaḡrūmtā
- backbone, spineFrom ܓܪܡ (g(ə)rem, “bone of”) + ܚܨܐ (ḥaṣṣā, “the back”).
- Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany; official name: ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܦܕܪܠܝܬܐ ܕܓܪܡܢ)From English Germany
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- to decide, resolveCompare Hebrew גָּרַם (garám, “to cause”).
- boneInherited from Aramaic גַּרְמָּא (garmā), derived from the verb ܓܵܪܹܡ (gārēm, “to cause, decide; to make into a firm shape”) and probably related to ܩܢܘܿܡܵܐ (qnōmā); compare Hebrew גֶּרֶם (gérem).
- rolling pinDerived from the verb ܓܵܪܹܡ (gārēm, “to cause, decide; to make into a firm shape”).
- person, self, individualBorrowed from Classical Syriac, probably related to ܓܲܪܡܵܐ (garmā, “bone, self”); compare also borrowed into Arabic أُقْنُوم (ʔuqnūm).
- gram (unit of mass)Borrowed from French gramme
- singular construct state of ܓܲܪܡܵܐ (garmā, “bone”)See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
- Germawa (an Assyrian town in northern Iraq, located in the Nineveh Plains)
- ivoryCompound from the construct state of ܓܲܪܡܵܐ (garmā, “bone”) + ܦܝܼܠܵܐ (pīlā, “elephant”).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- gram
- to cause
- To be caused.Passive of גָּרַם (garám), from the root ג־ר־ם (g-r-m).
- A cause, an element, a factor: something that causes or contributes to an event, an effect, or the like.The noun follows from the verb.
- Masculine singular present participle and present tense of גָּרַם (garám).The noun follows from the verb.
- plural indefinite form of גֵּר (gér)
- plural indefinite form of גיר (gír)
- German (a native or inhabitant of Germany; a person of German citizenship or nationality)
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- crime, sin, wrongdoing
- body, mass, bulk, volume of a body
- threshing-floor, surface where grain sheaves or where dates are collected, heap of harvestFrom the root ج ر م (j r m) from which جَرَمَ (jarama, “to cut off, to pick (fruits from the palm”), applied primarily for palm harvests and then in other regions without palm cultivation for corn. In the sense of a stone implement where something is fused borrowed from Aramaic גּוּרְנָה / ܓܘܽܪܢܳܐ (gurnā, “stone…
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedأَجْرَنَʔajrana
- to act criminally, to commit a crime
- criminalDerived from the active participle of the verb أَجْرَمَ (ʔajrama), from the root ج ر م (j r m).
- to commit; to perpetrate (a crime, an offence)
- verbal noun of جَرَّمَ (jarrama) (form II)Verbal noun of جَرَّمَ (jarrama).
- crime, transgression, offense, fault
Amharic
am · 2 lemmas- to impress
- wonderful