k r m
24 lemmas · 8 languages
soundAll three consonants are regularT Gen.9.20
Themes:vineyard·5kar·2noble·2generosity·2
POS shape:noun·13verb·5name·4adj·2
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*k-r-mProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadiankirûmk r m— garden, orchard
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎋𐎗𐎎𐎋 𐎗 𐎎— vineyard
Canaanite
Hebrewכֶּרֶםכ ר ם— vineyard
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicכָּרַםכ ר מ— to prune
Syriacܟܪܡܐܟ ܪ ܡ— vineyard
Assyrian NAܟܲܪܡܵܐܟ ܪ ܡ— vineyard
Arabic
Arabicكَرُمَك ر م— to be or become noble
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicክረምትከ ረ መ— rainy season
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Akkadian
akk · 5 lemmas- garden, orchardBorrowed from Sumerian 𒊬 (kiri₆ /kiri/).
- verbal adjective of karûm:
- embankment, quay wall, mooring placeFrom Sumerian 𒋼𒀀 (kar).
- oven, kiln (especially for lime and bitumen)From Sumerian 𒌋𒀜 (gir₄ /gir/, “oven”). Cognate with Arabic جِير (jīr, “chalk, lime”) and Hebrew גִּיר (gir, “chalk, lime”).
- alternative form of kirûm
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- vineyard
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 3 lemmas- to prune
- absolute state of כַּרְמָא (karmā)
- vineyardCompare Hebrew כֶּרֶם (kérem), Arabic كَرْم (karm), Egyptian kꜣm.
Classical Syriac
syc · 1 lemma- vineyardCompare Akkadian 𒃾 (GEŠTIN /karānu/, “wine, vine, grapes”), Arabic كَرْم (karm), and Hebrew כֶּרֶם (kérem).
▸ 3 derivations
- derivedܒܝܬ ܟܪܡܐ
- derivedܟܪܡ
- derivedܟܪܡܐ ܕܚܘܝܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 3 lemmas- vineyardCompare Akkadian 𒃾 (GEŠTIN /karānu/, “wine, vine, grapes”), Arabic كَرْم (karm), and Hebrew כֶּרֶם (kérem).
- a surnameCompare Akkadian 𒃾 (GEŠTIN /karānu/, “wine, vine, grapes”), Arabic كَرْم (karm), and Hebrew כֶּרֶם (kérem).
- Karemlesh (an Assyrian town in northern Iraq, located in the Nineveh Plains)Borrowed from Akkadian [script needed] (kar mulissu, “The city of Mulissu (the consort of Ashur)”). The first element is borrowed into Classical Syriac ܟܲܪ (kar, “place”).
Hebrew
he · 2 lemmas- vineyardCognate with Ugaritic 𐎋𐎗𐎎 (krm, “vineyard”), Aramaic כַּרְמָא (karmā, “vineyard”), Arabic كَرْم (karm, “vines”), Akkadian 𒃾 (karānum, “wine, vine, grapes”), and – possibly the source – Egyptian kꜣm, see there.
- defective spelling of ביכורים.
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to be or become noble
- to call (someone) noble
- to dignify, to honor, to ennoble
- elative degree of كَرِيم (karīm):Elative of كَرِيم (karīm, “generous; noble”).
- a male given nameElative of كَرِيم (karīm, “generous; noble”).
- to treat with generosity or compete in generosity with
- verbal noun of كَرَّمَ (karrama) (form II)
- verbal noun of كَرُمَ (karuma) (form I)
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- rainy season