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ʾ r m

32 lemmas · 7 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.T Gen.10.23
Themes:armenian·8aram·6aramaic·5armenia·5aramaean·3
POS shape:noun·14name·11adj·6proper noun·1

This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.

Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family

*ʾ-r-mProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewאֲרַםא ר מAram
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicארםא ר מAram (son of Shem)
Syriacܐܪܡܐ ܪ ܡAram
Assyrian NAܐܵܪܵܡܐ ܪ ܡAram
Turoyoܐܪܡܐ ܪ ܡAram
Arabic
Arabicأَرُومَةء ر مroot, origin, source
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicአረምአ ረ መweed

Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.

Imperial Aramaic

arc · 4 lemmas
  • aramnameinferred𐡀 tg. Onk. Gen 10:23Wiktionary ↗
    Aram (son of Shem)
    2 derivations
  • ʾārāmāyānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    Aramaean
    From ארם (“Aram”) + ־אי.
  • ʾrmyʾnouninferredWiktionary ↗
    Imperial Aramaic spelling of ארמיא
  • ʾăramyūṯānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    gentiledom, heathendom, pagan society (especially Aramaean and Roman/Greek)
    From אֲרַמָּיָא (ʾărammāyā, “Aramaean”) + ־וּתָא (-ūṯā, “-ness, -hood, -ity”).

Classical Syriac

syc · 4 lemmas

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

aii · 8 lemmas
  • ārāmnameinferredWiktionary ↗
    Aram
    Inherited from Aramaic אֲרָם (ʾărām); compare Turoyo ܐܳܪܳܡ (orom), Arabic آرَام (ʔārām) and Hebrew אֲרַם (arám).
    1 derivation
  • armannameinferredWiktionary ↗
    Armenia (a country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)
    From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭫𐭬𐭭𐭩 (ʾlmny /⁠Arman⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (Armina).
  • armīlānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    widower (humans or animals)
    Dialectal form of ܐܲܪܡܠܵܐ (armlā), Inherited from Aramaic [Term?]; compare Classical Syriac ܐܪܡܠܐ (ʾarməlā), Arabic أَرْمَل (ʔarmal) and Hebrew אַלְמָן (almán).
    1 derivation
  • armnāyāadjinferredWiktionary ↗
    Armenian (of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, its culture, its people, or its language)
    From ܐܲܪܡܲܢ (arman, “Armenia”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
  • armnāyānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    Armenian (person from Armenia or of Armenian descent)
    From ܐܲܪܡܲܢ (arman, “Armenia”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
  • armnāyānameinferredWiktionary ↗
    a surname
    From ܐܲܪܡܲܢ (arman, “Armenia”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
  • armōnāḏānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    pomegranate lemonade
    Calque of Hebrew רִמּוֹנָדָה (rimonáda), from a blend of ܐܲܪܡܘܿܢܬܵܐ (armōntā, “pomegranate”) + ܠܲܝܡܘܿܢܵܕ݂ܵܐ (laymōnāḏā, “lemonade”).
  • armōntānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    pomegranate (spherical fruit with a tough golden-orange outer skin and sweet red gelatinous flesh containing many seeds)
    Inherited from Aramaic [Term?], from Akkadian 𒄑𒈢𒆳𒊏 (/⁠armannu⁠/) and formed with a prosthetic aleph, compare the alternative form ܪܸܡܘܿܢܬܵܐ (rimōntā) using /ɪ/ to break up the initial consonant cluster; compare Classical Syriac ܪܘܡܢܐ (rummānā), Arabic رُمَّان (rummān), Hebrew רִמּוֹן (rimón), and Aramaic רִמֹּונָא…

Hebrew

he · 5 lemmas
  • arámnameinferredT Gen.10.23Wiktionary ↗
    Aram
    Possibly related to הרים (“highlands”), suggested to be used in contrast with כְּנַעַן (k'ná'an) meaning "lowlands."
    2 derivations
  • aramíadjinferredT Deut.26.5Wiktionary ↗
    Aramean, Aramaic
    אֲרַם (arám) + ־ִי (-í)
  • aramítnameinferredT 2Kgs.18.26Wiktionary ↗
    Aramaic (a subfamily of languages in the Northwest Semitic language group, including, but not limited to:)
  • arméniadjinferredT 2Sam.21.8Wiktionary ↗
    Armenian: of, from, or pertaining to Armenia.
  • arméninouninferredT 2Sam.21.8Wiktionary ↗
    a male Armenian

Arabic

ar · 8 lemmas
  • ʔarūmanounattestedWiktionary ↗
    root, origin, source
    2 derivations
  • ʔirmiyānameinferredWiktionary ↗
    Jeremiah, Jeremias, Jeremy (prophet)
    From Hebrew ירמיה (yirməya).
  • ʔarmēniyyadjinferredWiktionary ↗
    uncommon form of أَرْمَنِيّ (ʔarmaniyy)
    أَرْمِينِيَا (ʾarmēniyā, “Armenia”) + ـِيّ (-iyy).
  • ʔarmēniyynouninferredWiktionary ↗
    uncommon form of أَرْمَنِيّ (ʔarmaniyy)
    أَرْمِينِيَا (ʾarmēniyā, “Armenia”) + ـِيّ (-iyy).
  • ʔurūmiyanameinferredWiktionary ↗
    alternative form of أُرْمِيَة (ʔurmiya)
  • ʔarmīniyānameinferredWiktionary ↗
    Armenia (a country in Europe and Asia)
    From Byzantine Greek Ἀρμενία (Armenía), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (a-r-mi-i-n /⁠Armina⁠/).
  • ʔarmēniyyaadjinferredWiktionary ↗
    feminine singular of أَرْمِينِيّ (ʔarmēniyy, “Armenian”)
  • ʔarmēniyyanouninferredWiktionary ↗
    female equivalent of أَرْمِينِيّ (ʔarmēniyy, “Armenian”)

Amharic

am · 2 lemmas
  • ʾärämnouninferredWiktionary ↗
    weed
  • ʾarmenəññanouninferredWiktionary ↗
    Armenian language
    From አርሜን (ʾarmen, “Armenia”) + -ኛ (-ñña).

Turoyo

tru · 1 lemma

Related rootsshare 2 of 3 consonants with ʾ-r-m

Compare two languages side-by-side