ʾ r z
16 lemmas · 7 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.T Lev.14.4
Themes:cedar·6pack·2
POS shape:noun·12name·2verb·2
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ʾ-r-zProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎀𐎗𐎇𐎀 𐎗 𐎇— cedar (tree)
Canaanite
Hebrewאֶרֶזא ר ז— cedar (chiefly Cedrus libani)
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicאַרְזָאא ר ז— cedar
Syriacܐܪܙܐܐ ܪ ܙ— cedar
Assyrian NAܐܲܪܙܵܐܐ ܪ ܙ— cedar
Arabic
Arabicإِرْزَازء ر ز— verbal noun of أَرَزَّ (ʔarazza) (form IV)
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezአርዝአ ረ ዘ— cedar
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- cedar (tree)Compare Hebrew אֶרֶז (ʾérez), Arabic أَرْز (ʔarz).
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 2 lemmas- cedar
- hammer, mallet
Classical Syriac
syc · 1 lemma- cedarCompare Arabic أَرْز (ʔarz), Hebrew אֶרֶז (ʾérez), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎗𐎇 (ảrz), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic אַרְזָא (ʾarzā), Jewish Palestinian Aramaic ארזא (/*ʾarzā/), Christian Palestinian Aramaic ܐܪܙܐ (/*ʾarzā/), Imperial Aramaic 𐡀𐡓𐡆𐡀 (ʾrzʾ), all meaning cedar.
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 2 lemmas- cedarInherited from Aramaic אַרְזָא (ʾarzā); compare also borrowed into Arabic أَرْز (ʔarz), Hebrew אֶרֶז (ʾérez), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎗𐎇 (ảrz).
▸ 5 derivations
- derivedܒܐ݇ܪܵܙܵܐb-rāzā
- derivedܐ݇ܪܵܙܵܢܵܝܵܐrāzānāyā
- derivedܟܘܼܢܵܫ ܐ݇ܪ̈ܵܙܹܐkūnāš rāzē
- derivedܢܵܛܲܪ ܐ݇ܪ̈ܵܙܹܐnāṭar rāzē
- relatedܛܸܫܘܵܐṭišwā
- secret, mysteryInherited from Aramaic [Term?] (“mystery”), Old Persian *rāzah; compare Persian راز (râz), Hebrew רָז (raz) and Old Armenian երազ (eraz).
Hebrew
he · 7 lemmas- cedar (chiefly Cedrus libani)Cognate with Arabic أَرْز (ʔarz, “cedar”), Aramaic אַרְזָא (“cedar”) and Classical Syriac ܐܪܙܐ (ʾarzā, “cedar”). The figurative sense derives from the fact that cedars were celebrated for their durable and aromatic wood, ultimately leading to extensive deforestation of their habitat in the Levant.
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedאָרוּזarúz
- a male given nameCognate with Arabic أَرْز (ʔarz, “cedar”), Aramaic אַרְזָא (“cedar”) and Classical Syriac ܐܪܙܐ (ʾarzā, “cedar”). The figurative sense derives from the fact that cedars were celebrated for their durable and aromatic wood, ultimately leading to extensive deforestation of their habitat in the Levant.
- to pack
- masculine singular present participle and present tense of אָרַז (aráz)Noun follows from the verb.
- a packer (a person whose business is to pack things)Noun follows from the verb.
- packaging, packing
- defective spelling of אורז.
Arabic
ar · 2 lemmas- verbal noun of أَرَزَّ (ʔarazza) (form IV)Verbal noun of أَرَزَّ (ʔarazza).
- Arizona (a state in the southwestern United States, established 1912)From English Arizona.
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- cedarAs Arabic أَرْز (ʔarz, “cedar”) borrowed from Aramaic אַרְזָא / ܐܪܙܐ (ʾarzā, “cedar”). It being a tree by far not native to Ethiopia, the word may as well have been understood as any tall tree.