ʾ r ḥ
26 lemmas · 7 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.T Gen.18.11
Themes:road· طَرِيق · דֶּרֶךְ·3traveller·2wayfarer·2passer·2path·2
POS shape:noun·17verb·8name·1
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ʾ-r-ḥProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewאָרַחא ר ח— to walk together, to accompany
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicארחא ר ח— to leave, to depart
Syriacܐܪܚܐܐ ܪ ܚ— traveller, wayfarer, passer-by
Assyrian NAܐܵܪܚܵܐܐ ܪ ܚ— guest, visitor
Arabic
Arabicأَرُحْء ر ح
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezእራሕአ ረ ሐ— palm of the hand
Tigrinyaኣርሒአ ረ ሐ— heifer
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 3 lemmas- to leave, to depart
- ways (mode of being)From Proto-Semitic *ʔurḫ-. Akin to Old Aramaic 𐤀𐤓𐤇𐤀 (ʾrḥʾ), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic אוֹרְחָא (ʔorḥā), Classical Syriac ܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ (ʾurḥā), Nabataean Aramaic 𐢁𐢛𐢊𐢀 (ʾrḥʾ), Christian Palestinian Aramaic ܐܘܪܚܐ, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic ארחה, Classical Mandaic ࡏࡅࡄࡓࡀ (ʿuhra).
- roadFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔurḫ-. Akin to Old Aramaic 𐤀𐤓𐤇𐤀 (ʾrḥʾ), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic אוֹרְחָא (ʔorḥā), Classical Syriac ܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ (ʾurḥā), Nabataean Aramaic 𐢁𐢛𐢊𐢀 (ʾrḥʾ), Christian Palestinian Aramaic ܐܘܪܚܐ, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic ארחה, Classical Mandaic ࡏࡅࡄࡓࡀ (ʿuhra).
Classical Syriac
syc · 2 lemmas- traveller, wayfarer, passer-byFrom the root ܐ ܪ ܚ related to going or travelling. Compare Biblical Hebrew אוֹרֵחַ (ʾôrḗaḥ).
- road, way, path, journey, courseFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔurḫ-. Synchronically, from the root ܐ ܪ ܚ related to going or travelling. Compare Hebrew אֹרַח (ʾṓraḥ).
▸ 3 derivations
- derivedܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܕܝܪܝܘܬܐ
- derivedܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܢܫܐ
- derivedܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܓܢܒܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 5 lemmas- guest, visitorInherited from Aramaic אָרְחָא (ʾārḥā), equivalent to the active participle of ܐܵܪܹܚ (ārēḥ, “to journey, to travel”); compare Hebrew אוֹרֵחַ (oréakh). The first sense developed from the second (now displaced by ܐܘܼܪܚܵܝܵܐ (urḥāyā)); where travelers were regularly treated as guests, and guests from other villages would…
▸ 4 derivations
- derivedܐܵܪܚܘܼܬ݂ܵܐārḥūṯā
- derivedܬܲܘܵܢ ܐܵܪ̈ܚܹܐtawwān ārḥē
- relatedܡܐܲܪܚܵܢܵܐmˀarḥānā
- relatedܐܘܼܪܚܵܐurḥā
- road, way, pathInherited from Aramaic אוּרְחָא (ʾurəḥā), from Proto-Semitic *ʔurḫ-; related to Hebrew אֹרַח (orákh) and Akkadian 𒌫𒄷𒌝 (urḫum).
▸ 4 derivations
- derivedܒܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ ܕ-b-urḥā d-
- derivedܐܘܼܪܚܵܝܵܐurḥāyā
- derivedܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ ܪܹܝܫܵܝܬܵܐurḥā rēšāytā
- derivedܦܪܵܫܬܵܐ ܕܐܘܼܪ̈ܚܵܬ݂ܵܐprāštā d-urḥāṯā
- traveller, wayfarer, passer-byFrom ܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ (urḥā, “road, way”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending). Diverged from ܐܵܪܚܵܐ (ārḥā) after the sense where travellers were regularly treated as guests, and guests from other villages would typically travel long distances.
- hostActive noun of ܡܐܲܪܸܚ (mˀarriḥ, “to host, entertain”).
- watermillInherited from Aramaic רְחֵא/ܪܚܹܐ (rḥē) with a prosthetic alaph, the absolute form of רַחְיָא (raḥyā); compare Classical Syriac ܪܲܚܝܵܐ (“mill, millstone”), notice both having the feminine gender despite a masculine noun structure; compare also Arabic رَحَى (raḥā, “millstone”) and Hebrew רֵחַיִם (rekháyim, “millstone,…
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- to walk together, to accompany
- defective spelling of אירח
- guest, visitor
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedעובר אורחovér órakh
- derivedעוֹבֵר אֹרַחovér órakh
- To host, entertain, accommodate
- tile
- a caravan (convoy or procession)
- meal (food that is prepared and eaten, usually as part of one's main sustenance for a day)
- defective spelling of אורח
Arabic
ar · 5 lemmas- Jericho (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- palm of the handFrom Proto-Semitic *raḥat-.
Tigrinya
ti · 2 lemmas- heiferFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔarḫ-.
- bullFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔarḫ-.