ʾ r w
14 lemmas · 7 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.
Themes:calf·2
POS shape:noun·10name·2adj·1verb·1
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ʾ-r-wProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎀𐎗𐎆𐎀 𐎗 𐎆— lion
Canaanite
Hebrewאֶרוֹסא ר ו— Eros (the god of love and sexual desire; son of either Erebus and Nyx or Aphrodite and Ares)
Phoenician𐤀𐤓𐤅𐤀 𐤓 𐤅
Aramaic
Syriacܐܪܘܢܐܐ ܪ ܘ— calf, young bull
Assyrian NAܐܵܪܘܿܢܵܐܐ ܪ ܘ— wardrobe, closet (piece of furniture for storing clothes)
Arabic
Arabicأَرَوْاء ر و
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezአርዌአ ረ ወ— wild animal, beast
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- lionCompare Hebrew אַרְיֵה (ʾaryē), אֲרִי (ʾărī).
Phoenician
irregular reflexphn · 1 lemmaClassical Syriac
syc · 3 lemmas- calf, young bullUnknown.
- Ark of the CovenantFrom Hebrew אָרוֹן (ʾārôn).
- calf, heiferUnknown.
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 1 lemma- wardrobe, closet (piece of furniture for storing clothes)Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac ܐܪܘܢܐ with the meanings changed, from Biblical Hebrew אָרוֹן (ʾārôn, “coffin, ark”)
Hebrew
he · 6 lemmas- Eros (the god of love and sexual desire; son of either Erebus and Nyx or Aphrodite and Ares)From Ancient Greek Ἔρως (Érōs).
- defective spelling of אירוע.
- erotic
- aroma (a pleasant or fragrant smell)Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄρωμα (árōma).
- plural indefinite form of אֲרוּחָה f (arukhá): meals
- plural indefinite form of אָרוֹן (arón): closets, cabinets
Arabic
ar · 1 lemmaGe'ez
gez · 1 lemma- wild animal, beastInherited from Proto-Semitic *ʔarway-. Cognate with Hebrew אריה (“lion”), Amharic አውሬ (ʾäwre, “wild beast”), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎗𐎆 (ảrw, “lion”).