w r d
35 lemmas · 8 languages
I-weakFirst consonant is w or y. In Arabic these often elide in the imperfect (w-ṣ-l → yaṣilu 'arrives'). Hebrew roots in pe-yod/pe-waw.📜 1Kgs.18.44
Themes:pink·4male· ذَكَر · זָכָר·3descend·3rose·3slave·2
POS shape:noun·19verb·8name·5adj·3
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*w-r-dProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadianwarduw r d— alternative form of wardum
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewוֶרֶדו ר ד— rose
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicורדאו ר ד— rose, flower
Assyrian NAܘܲܪܕܵܐܘ ܪ ܕ— rose (typically pink flower)
Arabic
Arabicوَرَدَو ر د— to come, to arrive
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezወረደወ ረ ደ— to descend, go down (past tense)
Amharicወረደወ ረ ደ— to go down
Tigrinyaወረደወ ረ ደ— to descend
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Akkadian
akk · 4 lemmas- alternative form of wardum
- male slave, male servantFrom Proto-Semitic *w-r-d- (“to be led, to descend, to be taken down from a place”), possibly corroborated by the logogram used to write this word, originally containing the sign 𒆳 (kur, “highland, foreign country”) (compare 𒀴 and 𒀵), the Sumerian term being likely derived from an Akkadian borrowing; compare Hebrew…
▸ 1 derivation
- relatedwarad ēkallim
- to descend, go down, come downFrom Proto-Semitic *warad-. Cognate with Arabic وَرَدَ (warada, “to come”) and Biblical Hebrew יָרַד (yɔráḏ, “to descend”).
- slave of the palace, a designation of the palace personnel
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedwarad-ēkallūtum
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- rose, flowerBorrowed from a reflex of Proto-Iranian *wardah.
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- rose (typically pink flower)From Aramaic וַרְדָּא (wardā), ultimately from Parthian *ward; compare Arabic وَرْدَة (warda), Hebrew וֶרֶד (véred), Old Armenian վարդ (vard), Georgian ვარდი (vardi), Persian گل (gol), and more distantly Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon) and Latin rosa (English rose).
▸ 8 derivations
- derivedܘܲܪܕܘܿܢܝܼܬܵܐwardōnītā
- derivedܘܲܪܕܵܐ ܕܒ݂ܲܪܵܐwardā dḇarrā
- derivedܘܲܪܕܵܐ ܕܨܲܝܵܪܹ̈ܐwardā dṣayyārē
- derivedܘܲܪܕܵܐ ܕܲܚܡܵܪܵܐwardā daḥmārā
- derivedܘܲܪܕܵܢܵܝܘܼܬ݂ܵܐwardānāyūṯā
- derivedܘܲܪܕܵܢܵܝܵܐwardānāyā
- derivedܘܲܪܘܿܕ݂ܵܐwarōḏā
- derivedܡܲܝ̈ ܘܲܪܕܵܐmay wardā
- a male given nameFrom Aramaic וַרְדָּא (wardā), ultimately from Parthian *ward; compare Arabic وَرْدَة (warda), Hebrew וֶרֶד (véred), Old Armenian վարդ (vard), Georgian ვარდი (vardi), Persian گل (gol), and more distantly Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon) and Latin rosa (English rose).
- river, stream, brookCompare Arabic وِرْد (wird). The name of the place in Tur Abdin is adapted to Turoyo ܝܱܪܕܐ (yärdo).
- Yarda (an Assyrian town in northern Iraq, located in the Nineveh Plains)Compare Arabic وِرْد (wird). The name of the place in Tur Abdin is adapted to Turoyo ܝܱܪܕܐ (yärdo).
- to pinken, to make pinkDenominal verb derived from ܘܲܪܘܿܕ݂ܵܐ (warōḏā, “pink”); compare also in Hebrew הִוְרִיד (hivríd).
- pinkNeologism. Of the color pattern 12ō3ā, from ܘܲܪܕܵܐ (wardā, “rose”); compare Arabic وَرْدِيّ (wardiyy) and Hebrew וָרֹד (varód).
- pink (colour)Neologism. Of the color pattern 12ō3ā, from ܘܲܪܕܵܐ (wardā, “rose”); compare Arabic وَرْدِيّ (wardiyy) and Hebrew וָרֹד (varód).
- Jordan (a river in the Middle East, that empties into the Dead Sea)From Biblical Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén, “Jordan”).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܝܘܿܪܕܢܵܝܵܐyōrdnāyā
Hebrew
he · 7 lemmas- roseCognate with Arabic وَرْد (ward, “roses”). Ultimately a Middle Iranian loanword, cognate to Persian گل (gol), and more distantly Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon) and Latin rosa (English rose).
- a female given name, VeredCognate with Arabic وَرْد (ward, “roses”). Ultimately a Middle Iranian loanword, cognate to Persian گل (gol), and more distantly Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon) and Latin rosa (English rose).
- defective spelling of ורודCognate with Arabic وَرْد (ward, “roses”). Ultimately a Middle Iranian loanword, cognate to Persian گل (gol), and more distantly Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon) and Latin rosa (English rose).
- veinPost-biblical Hebrew, borrowed at the latest by ancient medical practitioners from Arabic وَرِيد (warīd, “vein”).
- pinkishPartial reduplication of וָרֹד.
- to pinken
- Kurdish (family of Indo-Iranian languages of Kurdistan (in the Mesopotamia region, from the Zagros of mid-western Iran to the eastern extension of the chain of the Taurus Mountains))
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to come, to arriveFrom Proto-Semitic *warad-. Cognate with Hebrew יָרַד (yārád, “to go down”), Aramaic ירד (yreḏ, “stream”), Ge'ez ወረደ (wärädä, “fall down, go down, drain off, pour down”), and Akkadian 𒉿𒊏𒁺𒌝 (warādum, “to go down to lower ground, to come ashore, to go downhill or downstream”) and Ugaritic 𐎊𐎗𐎄 (yrd).
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedمَاء وَرْدmāʔ ward
- derivedوَرْدِيّةwardiyya
- watering holeFrom Proto-Semitic *warad-. Cognate with Hebrew יָרַד (yārád, “to go down”), Aramaic ירד (yreḏ, “stream”), Ge'ez ወረደ (wärädä, “fall down, go down, drain off, pour down”), and Akkadian 𒉿𒊏𒁺𒌝 (warādum, “to go down to lower ground, to come ashore, to go downhill or downstream”) and Ugaritic 𐎊𐎗𐎄 (yrd).
- resource, a place or means whereby one gets access to material or immaterial goodsNoun of place from the root و ر د (w r d).
- one who descends, especially to a watering place
- verbal noun of وَرَدَ (warada) (form I)
- veinFrom the root و ر د (w r d). Compare وَتِين (watīn, “aorta”) and Akkadian 𒌨𒌑𒁺 (ur'udu, “windpipe, throat veins”).
- feminine form of وَارِد m (wārid):
- to import
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- to descend, go down (past tense)From Proto-Semitic *warad-.
Amharic
am · 5 lemmas- to go downFrom Proto-Semitic *warad-.
- woreda, an administrative division in Ethiopia
- width, breadth
- humiliation
- rooster
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- to descendFrom Proto-Semitic *warad-.