ʾ l m
28 lemmas · 8 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.T Gen.38.11
Themes:germany·6widow·3german·3pain·3alm·2
POS shape:noun·18adj·4verb·3name·2proper noun·1
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ʾ-l-mProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎛𐎍𐎎𐎛 𐎍 𐎎— gods: plural of 𐎛𐎍 (ỉl)
Canaanite
Hebrewאִלֵּםא ל ם— defective spelling of אילם
Phoenician𐤀𐤋𐤌𐤀 𐤋 𐤌— god
Aramaic
Syriacܐܠܡܐܐ ܠ ܡ— lasting anger, ill will
Assyrian NAܐܲܠܡܵܢܐ ܠ ܡ— Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)
Arabic
Arabicآلَمَء ل م— to hurt, to cause pain to
South Semitic
Old South Arabian
OSA𐩱𐩡𐩣𐩤𐩠𐩱 𐩡 𐩣— Al-Maqah (deity)
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicአለምአ ለ መ— alternative form of ዓለም (ʿaläm)
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 2 lemmas- gods: plural of 𐎛𐎍 (ỉl)
- widowCompare Hebrew אַלְמָנָה (ʾalmānā).
Phoenician
irregular reflexphn · 2 lemmas- god
- widow
Old South Arabian
irregular reflexosa · 1 lemma- Al-Maqah (deity)
Classical Syriac
syc · 1 lemma- lasting anger, ill willFrom the root ܐ ܠ ܡ related to being angry; compare Arabic أَلِم (ʔalim, “pain, grief, irritation”), Hebrew אַלִּים (ʾallîm, “violent”).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 4 lemmas- Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)Borrowed from Persian المان (almân), from French Allemagne.
- German (of, from, or pertaining to Germany, its culture, its people, or its language)From ܐܲܠܡܵܢ (almān, “Germany”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
- German (person from Germany or of German descent)From ܐܲܠܡܵܢ (almān, “Germany”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
- alternative form of ܐܲܠܡܵܢ (almān, “Germany”)From Arabic أَلْمَانِيَا (ʔalmāniyā), from Spanish Alemania.
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- defective spelling of אילם
- silence, speechlessness
- defective spelling of אוּלָם.
- A strong, violent person.
- A hall: a large room, an arena, a salon.
- A mute (person unable to speak).
- violent: of, pertaining to, or committing violence
- widower (a man whose spouse has died (and who has not remarried); a man in relation to his late spouse; masculine of widow)
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to hurt, to cause pain to
- to be in pain, to ache
- verbal noun of أَلِمَ (ʔalima, “to be in pain, to ache”) (form I)
- sore, painful, aching
- diamondFrom Middle Persian ʾlmʾs.
- GermansBack-formation from أَلْمَانِيَا (ʔalmāniyā, “Germany”).
- masculine plural of أَلْمَانِيّ (ʔalmāniyy)Back-formation from أَلْمَانِيَا (ʔalmāniyā, “Germany”).
Amharic
am · 2 lemmas- alternative form of ዓለም (ʿaläm)
- dream, visionRelated to Arabic حُلْم (ḥulm, “dream”).