f r d
28 lemmas · 7 languages
soundAll three consonants are regularT Gen.30.40
Themes:act·3alone·3garden·2orchard·2atom·2
POS shape:noun·17verb·9name·1adj·1
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*p-r-dProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewפֶּרֶדפ ר ד— mule, hinny (crossbreed of a horse and a donkey)
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicפַּרְדַּיְסָאפ ר ד— park, garden, orchard
Syriacܦܪܕܬܐܦ ܪ ܕ— atom, grain (of corn, sand, metal, etc.)
Assyrian NAܦܵܪܹܕ݂ܦ ܪ ܕ— to flee (of sleep)
Arabic
Arabicفَرَدَف ر د— to be single, be alone
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicፈረደፈ ረ ደ— to judge
Tigrinyaፈራዲፈ ረ ደ— judge
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- park, garden, orchardAn Iranian borrowing, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah.
Classical Syriac
syc · 3 lemmas- atom, grain (of corn, sand, metal, etc.)From the root ܦ ܪ ܕ related to dispersing. Compare Akkadian 𒉿𒊑𒅔𒁺 (pirindu, “vegetable foodstuff”), Arabic فَرْدَة (farda) and بَذْرَة (baḏra), and Hebrew פְּרֵדָה (pərēḏâ).
- paradise, heavenAn Iranian borrowing, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah.
- AphroditeFrom Ancient Greek Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 3 lemmas- to flee (of sleep)Inherited from Aramaic [Term?]
- curtain, drape (piece of cloth covering a window or in a theatre)Borrowed from Persian پرده (parde).
- wardrobe, closetLearned borrowing from Classical Syriac ܦܪܕܝܣܩܐ, with the meaning changed, from Ancient Greek πυργίσκος (purgískos, “burial-vault; cupboard, cabinet”), diminutive of πῠ́ργος (pŭ́rgos, “tower”); possible influence by or allusion to ܦܲܪܕܲܝܣܵܐ (pardaysā, “paradise”).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- mule, hinny (crossbreed of a horse and a donkey)
- to separate or become separated from; to break up with
- Separation: the act of separating things (or people) from each other.Action noun of the verb הפריד (hifríd, “to separate”), from the root פ־ר־ד (p-r-d).
- to separate; to differentiate
- to go different ways; to branch out; to split up
- Separation: the act of separating.Action noun of the verb נִפְרַד (nifrád).
- atom (particle)
- orchard, grove, fruit gardenFrom Aramaic פַּרְדֵּיסָא (pardēsā) (absolutive: פַּרְדֵּס (pardēs)), an Iranian borrowing, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah.
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to be single, be alone
- to be peerless or unequaled
- to be alone, singled out, isolated, unique, matchless, seclude or distinguish oneself
- singleفَرْد (fard) + ـِيّ (-iyy), from the root ف ر د (f r d).
- verbal noun of أَفْرَدَ (ʔafrada) (form IV): singling out
- to be alone, to act by oneselfCompare فَرْد (fard, “single, only, alone”).
- rolling pin
- uniqueness
Amharic
am · 3 lemmas- to judge
- fattened bullock
- sentence
Tigrinya
ti · 2 lemmas- judge
- sentence, verdict
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedቤት ፍርዲbet fərdi