b r d
15 lemmas · 7 languages
soundAll three consonants are regularT Gen.16.14
Themes:cold·4hail·3wardum·2become·2cool·2
POS shape:noun·9verb·3adj·3
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*b-r-dProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadianbardub r d— alternative form of wardum
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewבָּרָדב ר ד— hail
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicבַּרְדָאב ר ד— hail
Assyrian NAܒܲܪܕ݂ܵܐܒ ܪ ܕ— hail
Arabic
Arabicبَرَدَب ر د— to be or become cold, to cool off
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicበረዶበ ረ ደ— ice
Tigrinyaመብረድበ ר ד— rasp
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Akkadian
akk · 2 lemmas- alternative form of wardum
- alternative form of wardum
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- hailCompare Hebrew בָּרָד (bārāḏ), Arabic بَرَد (barad).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 1 lemma- hailInherited from Aramaic בַּרְדָא (barḏā); cognate to Arabic بَرَد (barad) and Hebrew בָּרָד (barád).
Hebrew
he · 1 lemma- hailCompare Aramaic בַּרְדָא (barḏā), Arabic بَرَد (barad), Ge'ez በረድ (bäräd).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to be or become cold, to cool off
- to be or become cold
- to cool, to refrigerate
- elative degree of بَارِد (bārid)Elative of بَارِد (bārid, “cold”).
- cold, coolingDerived from the active participle of بَرَدَ (barada, “to be cold, to freeze”). Cognate with Amharic ብርድ (bɨrd).
- a kind of garment without napAlteration of بُرْد (burd) from Old Armenian բուրդ (burd).
- verbal noun of بَرَدَ (barada) (form I)
- having a cooling effect, rendering cold
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- iceRelated to Arabic بَرَد (barad, “hail, hailstones”).
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- rasp