f r s
42 lemmas · 8 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular📜 Exod.10.26
Themes:persia·5horse·4half·3television·3persians·2
POS shape:noun·25verb·9name·6adj·2
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*p-r-sProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewפָּרַספ ר ס— to slice, to cut
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicפְּרַספ ר ס— to divide
Syriacܦܪܣܐܦ ܪ ܣ— flap, cloth, cover, covering
Assyrian NAܦܵܪܸܣܦ ܪ ܣ— Persia (the former term referring to Iran)
Arabic
Arabicفَرَسَف ر س— to maul, to tear up, to tatter
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezፈረስፈ ረ ሰ— horse
Amharicፈረሰፈ ረ ሰ— to collapse
Tigrinyaፈረስፈ ረ ሰ— horse
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 3 lemmas- to divideCognate with Hebrew פָּרַס (pāras, “to slice, cut”).
- Persia, the PersiansFrom Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /Pārsa/). Compare Hebrew פָּרָס (pārās, “Persia”).
- a half-unit, such as a half-shekel or half-minaRelated to פְּרַס (pəras, “to divide”).
Classical Syriac
syc · 7 lemmas- flap, cloth, cover, coveringFrom the root ܦ ܪ ܣ related to spreading. Compare Arabic فِرَاش (firāš) and فَرْش (farš).
- cunning, craftinessDerived from above.
- flat bread, waferFrom the root ܦ ܪ ܣ related to spreading. Compare Arabic فَرِيسَة (farīsa) and Hebrew פְּרִיסָה (pərîsâ).
- feminine emphatic singular of ܦܪܝܣܐFrom the root ܦ ܪ ܣ related to spreading. Compare Arabic فَرِيسَة (farīsa) and Hebrew פְּרִיסָה (pərîsâ).
- ParisUltimately from French Paris
- royal guard, messengerFrom Middle Iranian *frēstak. Compare Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬙𐬀 (fraēšta, “messenger”), Middle Persian plystk' (frēstag, “apostle, angel”) / prystg, Persian فرشته (ferešte, “angel”), and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic פְּרֵיסְתְּקָא (pərêstəqāʾ, “royal guard, messenger”).
- television, TVFrom ܦܪܣ (“spreading”) + ܚܙܘܐ (ḥezwā, “vision”)
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- Persia (the former term referring to Iran)Inherited from Aramaic פָּרָס (pārās), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /Pārsa/); compare Hebrew פָּרָס (parás, “Persia”).
- to spreadInherited from Aramaic פְּרַס (pəras); related to Hebrew פָּרַשׂ (parás) and Arabic فَرَشَ (faraša).
- to publish (to issue something, such as printed work for distribution and/or sale)Intensitive stem of the verb ܦܵܪܹܣ (pārēs, “to spread”).
- publication, issue, pamphlet, charterVerbal noun of ܡܦܲܪܸܣ (mparris, “to publish; to post”).
- carpet, rugFeminine passive participle of ܦܵܪܹܣ (pārēs, “to spread out”); compare Arabic فَرِيسَة (farīsa) and Hebrew פְּרִיסָה (prisá).
- radio (device that can capture the signal sent over radio waves and render the modulated signal as sound)Neologism from the construct form of ܦܪܵܣܵܐ (prāsā, “extension”) + ܩܵܠܵܐ (qālā, “voice, sound”)
- to televiseDenominal verb from ܦܪܵܣܚܸܙܘܵܐ (prāsḥizwā, “television”).
- television (a device for receiving television signals and displaying them in visual form)Neologism from the construct form of ܦܪܵܣܵܐ (prāsā, “extension”) + ܚܸܙܘܵܐ (ḥizwā, “vision”).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- to slice, to cut
- bearded vulture (a long-winged vulture, Gypaetus barbatus, found in southern Europe, Africa and India)
- a surname
- a reward, a prizeStrengthened due to phono-semantic matching of English prize or related internationalism.
- hoofCombination of the Hebrew forms ־ה + פָּרַס. Compare Hebrew פָּרַס (“divide”).
- sliceFrom the root פ־ר־ס , related to dividing, separating. See also פָּרַס (parás, “to slice, cut”).
- PersiaFrom Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /Pārsa/).
- Persian: of or pertaining to Persia, its people, or their language.From פָּרָס (parás) + ־ִי (-í).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to maul, to tear up, to tatterFrom Proto-Semitic *paras-, compare Ge'ez ፈረሰ (färäsä, “to demolish”), Hebrew פָּרַס (pārás, “to divide”), Aramaic פְּרַס (pᵊras, “to divide”), Akkadian 𒋻 (parāsum, “to cut off”). From the root ف ر س (f r s).
- verbal noun of فَرَسَ (farasa) (form I)From Proto-Semitic *paras-, compare Ge'ez ፈረሰ (färäsä, “to demolish”), Hebrew פָּרַס (pārás, “to divide”), Aramaic פְּרַס (pᵊras, “to divide”), Akkadian 𒋻 (parāsum, “to cut off”). From the root ف ر س (f r s).
- horseman, rider
▸ 1 derivation
- relatedفروسية
- to prey upon, to devour, to maul, to scarf down
- verbal noun of اِفْتَرَسَ (iftarasa) (form VIII)
- horsemanship, hippology, farriery
- horse, mareCognate with Hebrew פָּרָשׁ (pārā́š, “horseman”), Classical Syriac ܦܪܫܐ (parašā, “horseman”), Ge'ez ፈረስ (färäs, “horse”).
- to persianize/persifyFrom Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa).
Ge'ez
gez · 2 lemmas- horseCognate with Arabic فَرَسٌ (farasun), Hebrew פָּרָשׁ.
- Persia, the Persians
Amharic
am · 4 lemmas- to collapse
- horseFrom Proto-West Semitic *paraš-. Cognates include Ge'ez ፈረስ (färäs) and Arabic فَرَس (faras).
- cavalryFrom ፈረስ (färäs).
- remains
Tigrinya
ti · 2 lemmas- horseCognate with Arabic فَرَس (faras)
- dragonfly