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ʾ b r

26 lemmas · 8 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.T Gen.49.24
Themes:son· اِبْن · בֵּן·4lead·3needle·3abraham·2man· رَجُل · אִישׁ·2
POS shape:noun·14name·5verb·5root·1adj·1

This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.

Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family

*ʾ-b-rProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewאֵבֶרא ב רlimb, organ
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicאבראא ב רlead
Syriacܐܒܪܐܐ ܒ ܪlead
Assyrian NAܐܲܒ݂ܵܪܵܐܐ ܒ ܪlead (a heavy, pliable, inelastic metal element, having a bright, bluish color, but easily tarnished; both malleable and ductile, though with little tenacity)
Turoyoܐܒܪܐܐ ܒ ܪson
Western NAܐܒܪܐܐ ܒ ܪson
Arabic
Arabicأَبَرَء ب رto bite, to sting
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicአቧራአ በ ረdust

Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.

Imperial Aramaic

arc · 2 lemmas
  • nouninferred𐡀 tg. Onk. Num 31:22Wiktionary ↗
    lead
  • ʾaḇrāhāmnameinferred𐡀 tg. Onk. Gen 17:5Wiktionary ↗
    Abraham
    Etymology tree

Classical Syriac

syc · 2 lemmas
  • ʾăḇārānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    lead
    Possibly from Akkadian 𒀀𒈖 (abāru [A.GAR₅]); compare Hebrew אֲבָר (ʾăḇār).
  • nouninferredWiktionary ↗
    feather
    Compare Hebrew אֶבְרָה (ʾeḇrâ).

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

aii · 5 lemmas
  • aḇārānounattestedWiktionary ↗
    lead (a heavy, pliable, inelastic metal element, having a bright, bluish color, but easily tarnished; both malleable and ductile, though with little tenacity)
    Inherited from Aramaic אֲבָרָא (ʾăḇārā), from Akkadian 𒀀𒈖 (abāru [A.GAR₅]); compare Hebrew אֲבָר (ʾăḇār).
  • ibrānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    son
    From the older form ܒܪܵܐ (brā) with a prosthetic alaph, inherited from Aramaic בְּרָא (bərā), from Proto-Semitic *bin-; compare Turoyo ܐܱܒܪܐ (äbro), Arabic اِبْن (ibn), Hebrew בֵּן (ben) and Akkadian 𒁉𒉏 (bīnum). Largely replaced by the diminutive ܒܪܘܿܢܵܐ (brōnā).
    3 derivations
  • aḇrāmnameinferredWiktionary ↗
    Abram
    From Biblical Hebrew אַבְרָם (ʾaḇrām).
  • aḇrāhāmnameinferredWiktionary ↗
    Abraham
    Etymology tree
    2 derivations
  • ibrā d-nāšānameinferredWiktionary ↗
    Son of Man
    Semi-learned borrowing from Classical Syriac ܒܪܐ ܕܐܢܫܐ (brā d-ʾənāšā).

Hebrew

he · 6 lemmas
  • 'évernounattestedT Ps.55.7Wiktionary ↗
    limb, organ
  • abírnameattestedT Gen.49.24Wiktionary ↗
    the Strong, a poetic name for God
  • 'evránounattestedT Job.39.13Wiktionary ↗
    pinion, wing
  • eivárnounattestedWiktionary ↗
    organ (the larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions)
    1 derivation
  • he'evírverbattestedWiktionary ↗
    to soar, fly
  • ʾ-b-rrootinferredT Ps.55.7Wiktionary ↗
    Related to limbs, wings.

Arabic

ar · 8 lemmas
  • ʔabaraverbattestedWiktionary ↗
    to bite, to sting
  • ʔabbārnounattestedWiktionary ↗
    needle-man, who makes or sells needles
    Occupational noun from إِبْرَة (ʔibra, “needle”).
  • ʔibranounattestedWiktionary ↗
    needle (all senses)
  • miʔbarnounattestedWiktionary ↗
    packing needle
    Tool noun from the root ء ب ر (ʔ b r).
  • ʔabrajuverbinferredWiktionary ↗
  • ʔabāridadjinferredWiktionary ↗
    masculine plural of أَبْرَد (ʔabrad)
  • ʔabraḡiššuverbinferredWiktionary ↗
  • ʔabriqīverbinferredWiktionary ↗

Amharic

am · 1 lemma

Turoyo

tru · 1 lemma

Western Neo-Aramaic

amw · 1 lemma

Related rootsshare 2 of 3 consonants with ʾ-b-r

Compare two languages side-by-side