s w r
29 lemmas · 8 languages
hollow (II-weak)Middle consonant is w or y. The vowel contracts in the perfect (q-w-l → qāla 'said'), producing a 'hollow' surface. Known as mediae infirmae.T Exod.3.4
Themes:syrian·7syria·5country·5west·4asia·4
POS shape:noun·11name·7verb·6adj·4intj·1
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*s-w-rProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadianšawirums w r— ring, torque
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewסָרס ו ר— to turn, to turn aside
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicסוריאס ו ר— Syria (a country in West Asia in the Middle East)
Syriacܣܘܪܝܐܣ ܘ ܪ— Syria (a country in West Asia in the Middle East)
Assyrian NAܣܘܼܪܝܼܵܐܣ ܘ ܪ— Syria (a country in West Asia in the Middle East)
Turoyoܣܘܪܓܕܐܣ ܘ ܪ— calendar
Arabic
Arabicسُورَةس و ر— sura, surah
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezአስዋርሰ ወ ረ— plural of ሶር (sor)
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Akkadian
akk · 1 lemma- ring, torque
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- Syria (a country in West Asia in the Middle East)
Classical Syriac
syc · 3 lemmas- Syria (a country in West Asia in the Middle East)From Ancient Greek Συρία (Suría), from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur, “Assur”). Doublet of ܐܬܘܪ.
- alternative form of ܣܘܪܝܝܐ
- Syriac, SyrianFrom ܣܘܪܝܐ (swriyā, “Syria”) + -ܝܐ (-yā, the attributive adjective ending). The standard form itself is first attested in the writings of Philoxenus of Mabbug in the 5th-6th century. The alternative form ܣܘܪܝܐ is argued by some to be directly borrowed from Akkadian 𒀾𒋗𒊏𒅀 (Aššūrāyu), possibly via the variants assūrāyu…
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 7 lemmas- Syria (a country in West Asia in the Middle East)From Aramaic סוּרִיָא (sūrīyā), borrowed from Ancient Greek Συρία (Suría), ultimately derived from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur, “Assur”). Doublet of ܐܵܫܘܿܪ (āšōr) and ܐܵܬܘܿܪ (ātōr).
- Assyrian, Syriac: A person of Assyrian descentDebated:
- Assyrian, SyriacDebated:
- Syriac, Assyrian, Suret, Surayt, any of the Aramaic dialects spoken by ethnic AssyriansFrom ܣܘܼܪܵܝܵܐ (surrāyā, “Assyrian”) + -ܐܝܼܬ݂ (-īṯ, the language suffix). Compare Classical Syriac ܣܘܪܝܐܝܬ (suryāʾīṯ) and Turoyo ܣܘܪܰܝܬ (surayt).
- Syrian (of, from, or pertaining to the Syrian Arab Republic)From ܣܘܼܪܝܼܵܐ (sūrīyā, “Syria”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending), neologism recomposed identical to the original standard form to avoid ambiguity with ܣܘܼܪܵܝܵܐ (surrāyā, “Assyrian, Syriac; Christian”), which is argued by some to be directly borrowed from Akkadian 𒀾𒋗𒊏𒅀 (Aššūrāyu), possibly via the…
- Syrian (person from the Syrian Arab Republic or of Syrian descent)From ܣܘܼܪܝܼܵܐ (sūrīyā, “Syria”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending), neologism recomposed identical to the original standard form to avoid ambiguity with ܣܘܼܪܵܝܵܐ (surrāyā, “Assyrian, Syriac; Christian”), which is argued by some to be directly borrowed from Akkadian 𒀾𒋗𒊏𒅀 (Aššūrāyu), possibly via the…
- Suriname (a country in South America)Internationalism.
Hebrew
he · 7 lemmas- to turn, to turn aside
- to remove
- removal
- Syrian: of, from, or pertaining to Syria.
- excuse me, sorryFrom English sorry.
- Masorah
- Syria (a country in West Asia in the Middle East)
▸ 1 derivation
- relatedסוריsúri
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- sura, surahAssigned to the root س و ر (s w r). It is not clear from which word it was borrowed, it might be from Classical Syriac ܫܘܽܪܳܐ (šūrā, “wall; also figuratively for any divider”), compare سُور (sūr, “wall”) from the same word, or from Classical Syriac ܣܽܘܪܓܳܕܳܐ (sūrgāḏā, “line; writing”), or from Hebrew סִדְרָה (siḏrā,…
- severity, vehemence, sharpness
- Sirte (a city in Libya)
- wall that encloses and protects a buildingArgued to be a loan from Aramaic שׂוּרָא / ܫܘܪܐ (šūrā), but other cognates such as Sabaean 𐩣𐩬𐩪𐩥𐩧𐩩 (mns¹wrt, “walls”) and Tigre ሶር (sor, “partition wall”) (unless that form is itself borrowed from Arabic) suggest that it may in fact be inherited.
- to enclose with a wall or fencesArgued to be a loan from Aramaic שׂוּרָא / ܫܘܪܐ (šūrā), but other cognates such as Sabaean 𐩣𐩬𐩪𐩥𐩧𐩩 (mns¹wrt, “walls”) and Tigre ሶር (sor, “partition wall”) (unless that form is itself borrowed from Arabic) suggest that it may in fact be inherited.
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- plural of ሶር (sor)
Turoyo
tru · 1 lemma- calendar