n w r
30 lemmas · 7 languages
hollow (II-weak)Middle consonant is w or y. The vowel contracts in the perfect (q-w-l → qāla 'said'), producing a 'hollow' surface. Known as mediae infirmae.T Gen.4.21
Themes:fire· نَار · אֵשׁ·5candlestick·2candelabrum·2lampstand·2emphatic·2
POS shape:noun·17adj·6verb·3name·2adv·1proper noun·1
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*n-w-rProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewנוּרנ ו ר— shining fire
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicנוראנ ו ר— fire
Syriacܢܘܪܐܢ ܘ ܪ— fire, conflagration
Assyrian NAܢܘܼܪܵܐܢ ܘ ܪ— fire
Mandaicࡌࡅࡒࡃࡀࡎࡌ ࡅ ࡒ— Jerusalem
Arabic
Arabicنَارن و ر— fire
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezነውርነ ወ ረ— blemish, stain, flaw, spot, defect
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- fireFrom Proto-Semitic *nūr-.
Classical Syriac
syc · 6 lemmas- fire, conflagrationInherited from Proto-Semitic *nūr-. Cognate with Arabic نُور (nūr) and Hebrew נוּר (nûr).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܒܝܬ ܢܘܪܐbēṯ nūrā
- candlestick, candelabrum, lampstand, menorahFrom the root ܢ ܘ ܪ related to illuminating. Compare Hebrew מְנוֹרָה (mənôrâ). The sense of "minaret" is influenced by Arabic مَنَارَة (manāra).
▸ 1 derivation
- relatedܫܪܓܐ
- hayCompare Arabic نَوْرَة (nawra) and Hebrew נוֹרָה (nôrâ).
- terrified, fearful, daunted
- feminine emphatic singular of ܢܘܪܐ
- emphatic plural of ܢܘܪܐ (nūrā)
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- fireInherited from Aramaic נוּרָא (nūrā), from Proto-Semitic *nūr- (“light”); compare Arabic نَار (nār) and Hebrew נוּר (nûr). Doublet of ܢܘܼܗܪܵܐ (nuhrā, “light”).
▸ 3 derivations
- derivedܢܘܼܪܵܝܵܐnurrāyā
- derivedܢܘܼܪܵܢܵܐnurrānā
- derivedܢܘܼܪܵܢܵܝܵܐnūrānāyā
- HellInherited from Aramaic נוּרָא (nūrā), from Proto-Semitic *nūr- (“light”); compare Arabic نَار (nār) and Hebrew נוּר (nûr). Doublet of ܢܘܼܗܪܵܐ (nuhrā, “light”).
- candlestick, candelabrum, lampstandInherited from Aramaic מְנָרְתָּא (mənārtā); compare Hebrew מְנוֹרָה (m'norá). The latter senses of “lighthouse” and “minaret” are a semantic loan from Arabic مَنَارَة (manāra).
▸ 3 derivations
- relatedܫܪܵܓ݂ܵܐšrāḡā
- relatedܠܲܡܦܹܝܕ݂ܵܐlampēḏā
- relatedܢܲܦ̮ܛܹܝܪܵܐnafṭērā
- fieryFrom ܢܘܼܪܵܐ (nūrā, “fire”) + -ܢܐ (-ānā, the adjectival ending).
- tandoor; traditional Mesopotamian cylindrical clay oven used especially to make breadInherited from Aramaic תַּנּוּרָא (tannūrā), from Akkadian 𒅎𒋗𒆸 (tinūrum), from the same root as the verb 𒈾𒉿𒀀𒀸 (nawārum, “to shine brightly”); compare possibly borrowed through Middle Persian [script needed] (tnwl /tanūr/), and also borrowed into Hebrew תַּנּוּר (tanúr) and Arabic تَنُّور (tannūr).
- pyramidalFrom ܢܘܼܪܵܐ (nūrā, “fire”) + -ܢܝܐ (-nāyā, the intensive attributive adjective ending). Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac, calque of Ancient Greek πῡρᾰμῐ́ς (pūrămĭ́s) based of the popular folk etymology of it being derived of πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).
- pyramid (ancient massive construction)From ܢܘܼܪܵܐ (nūrā, “fire”) + -ܢܝܐ (-nāyā, the intensive attributive adjective ending). Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac, calque of Ancient Greek πῡρᾰμῐ́ς (pūrămĭ́s) based of the popular folk etymology of it being derived of πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).
- mirrorInherited from Aramaic נַורָא (nawrā), from Akkadian 𒈾𒈠𒊒𒌝 (NA.MA.RU.UM /nāmarum/).
Hebrew
he · 5 lemmas- shining fireFrom Proto-Semitic *nūr-, via Aramaic נוּר (“fire”). Cognate with Arabic نُور (nūr, “light”) and نَار (nār, “fire”).
- defective spelling of כינור
- very
- buttercup
- plural indefinite form of מְנוֹרָה (m'norá)
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- fireFrom Proto-Semitic *nūr-.
- luminous, lucid; brightCompare نُور (nūr, “light”).
- to light, to illuminate
- elative degree of نَيِّر (nayyir)Elative of نَيِّر (nayyir, “bright, shining, luminous”).
- a male given name, AnwarElative of نَيِّر (nayyir, “bright, shining, luminous”).
- to be lit, to be illuminatedMediopassive of نَوَّرَ (nawwara, “to light”), from نُور (nūr, “light”).
- waymark, landmarkNoun of place from the root ن و ر (n w r) of نُور (nūr, “light, fire”). Cognate with Aramaic מְנָרְתָא (mənārəṯā), Hebrew מְנוֹרָה (mənōrā). Maybe there is a contamination with Ancient Greek μιλιάριον (miliárion, “miles indicator”) as the word means landmark.
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- blemish, stain, flaw, spot, defectProbably related to Arabic ن و ر (n w r), which contains meanings like "mark by branding" and "revile".
Classical Mandaic
mid · 1 lemma- Jerusalem