s k r
27 lemmas · 8 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular✡︎ m. Men. 10:2
Themes:sugar·4drunk·3september·3block·2close·2
POS shape:noun·19verb·5adj·3
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*s-k-rProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadianšikarums k r— beer (made of grain)
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewסָכַרס כ ר— to dam, to block, to close
Aramaic
Syriacܣܟܪܐܣ ܟ ܪ— shield, buckler, scutum, target
Assyrian NAܣܵܟ݂ܹܪܣ ܟ ܪ— to block, obstruct, barricade; close, shut
Arabic
Arabicسَكِرَس ك ر— to get drunk, to become intoxicated
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezመስከረምሰ ከ ረ— First month of the Ethiopian calendar, roughly equivalent to September in the Gregorian Calendar.
Amharicስኳርሰ ከ ረ— sugar
Tigrinyaመስከረሰ ከ ረ— to testify
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Akkadian
akk · 1 lemma- beer (made of grain)From Proto-Semitic *šikar- (“alcoholic drink”). Cognate with Arabic سَكَر (sakar) and Biblical Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šeḵɔ́r).
Classical Syriac
syc · 1 lemma- shield, buckler, scutum, targetCompare Akkadian 𒋛𒆠𒀸 (/sekēru/, “to dam up, to block or hinder”).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 4 lemmas- to block, obstruct, barricade; close, shutFrom Aramaic סְכַר (səḵar); cognate to Akkadian 𒋛𒆠𒀸 (/sekēru/, “to dam up, block, hinder”), Hebrew סָכַר (sakhár, “to dam, block, close”) and dialectal Arabic سَكَّرَ (sakkara).
- to lose (cause something cease to be in one’s possession)Inherited from Aramaic [Term?].
- shutter, blind (protective panels over windows)Inherited from Aramaic סוּכְּרָא (sukkərā), from Akkadian 𒄑𒊕𒆰 (GIŠ.SAG.KUL /sikkūru/, “bolt, bar; part of a plow”); compare also borrowed from the alternative vocalisation Arabic سُكَّار (sukkār).
- one of two rivets fastening shaft of roof-roller to the cylinder
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- to dam, to block, to closeAn alternative form of סָגַר (sagár) with the second radical being voiceless instead. The primary meaning in Modern Hebrew of blocking water or damming is inspired by he:T:2a: וַיִּסָּכְרוּ מַעְיְנֹת תְּהוֹם וַאֲרֻבֹּת הַשָּׁמָיִם, which describes the sources for the water of the deluge being blocked and closed off.
- dam (structure placed across a flowing body of water)An alternative form of סָגַר (sagár) with the second radical being voiceless instead. The primary meaning in Modern Hebrew of blocking water or damming is inspired by he:T:2a: וַיִּסָּכְרוּ מַעְיְנֹת תְּהוֹם וַאֲרֻבֹּת הַשָּׁמָיִם, which describes the sources for the water of the deluge being blocked and closed off.
- sugarEtymology tree
- diabetes (diabetes mellitus; any of a group of metabolic diseases whereby a person (or other animal) has high blood sugar due to an inability to produce, or inability to metabolize, sufficient quantities of the hormone insulin)Formed by applying the root קַטֶּלֶת to סֻכָּר (sukár, “sugar”), while keeping the first vowel.
- defective spelling of סוכר
- defective spelling of סוכרת
- piece of candy; sweet; lolly; confectionery
- artificial sweetenerGenericized trademark from סוּכָּר (sukár, “sugar”) + רָזִית (razít, literally “you've lost weight”).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to get drunk, to become intoxicatedFrom Proto-Semitic *šikar- (“alcoholic drink”). Cognate with Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār).
- intoxicantFrom Proto-Semitic *šikar- (“alcoholic drink”). Cognate with Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār).
- drunkFrom Proto-Semitic *šikar- (“alcoholic drink”). Cognate with Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār).
- instance noun of سَكِرَ (sakira), an occasion of drunkenness, a case of intoxication, an event of inebriety
- drunkard, alcoholic
- drunk, intoxicated, inebriatedFrom سَكِرَ (sakira, “to get drunk”).
- henbane (Hyoscyamus spp.)Phono-semantic matching of Aramaic שׁכרונא / ܫܲܟܪܘܿܢܵܐ (šaḵrōnā, “henbane”), however not belonging to the root cognate to the Arabic root س ك ر (s k r). Derived instead from Akkadian 𒌑𒅫 (^(U₂).ŠAKIR /šakirû/, “a plant, drug”), ultimately a loan from Sumerian 𒌑𒅫 (^(U₂).ŠAKIR /šakir/, “a plant, drug”). Found also in…
- sugarEtymology tree
Ge'ez
gez · 1 lemma- First month of the Ethiopian calendar, roughly equivalent to September in the Gregorian Calendar.
Amharic
am · 2 lemmas- sugarEtymology tree
- september
Tigrinya
ti · 2 lemmas- to testify
- September