s h r
25 lemmas · 7 languages
soundAll three consonants are regular✡︎ m. Shev. 3:4
Themes:moon· قَمَر · יָרֵחַ·5child·3crescent·3night· لَيْل · לַיְלָה·3adolescent·2
POS shape:noun·17verb·4adj·2name·2
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*s-hProto-Semitic
East Semitic
Akkadianṣeḫrums h r— verbal adjective of ṣeḫērum:
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewסַהַרס ה ר— crescent
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicסהראס ה ר— moon
Syriacܣܗܪܐܣ ܗ ܪ— moon
Assyrian NAܣܲܗܪܵܐܣ ܗ ܪ— moon
Arabic
Arabicسَهِرَس ه ر— to stay up late, to be wakeful by night
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Tigrinyaሰኽራምሰ ኸ ረ— drunk
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Akkadian
akk · 6 lemmas- verbal adjective of ṣeḫērum:From Proto-Semitic *ṣaɣir-. Cognate with Arabic صَغِير (ṣaḡīr, “small”) and Biblical Hebrew צָעִיר (ṣɔʕír, “young”).
- childFrom Proto-Semitic *ṣaɣir-. Cognate with Arabic صَغِير (ṣaḡīr, “small”) and Biblical Hebrew צָעִיר (ṣɔʕír, “young”).
- to be small, little, fewFrom Proto-Semitic *ṣaɣir-. Cognate with Arabic صَغُرَ (ṣaḡura, “to be(come) small, young”) and Biblical Hebrew צָעַר (ṣɔʿar, “to be small, insignificant”).
- childhoodFrom Proto-Semitic *ṣaɣir-. Cognate with Arabic صَغُرَ (ṣaḡura, “to be(come) small, young”) and Biblical Hebrew צָעַר (ṣɔʿar, “to be small, insignificant”).
- boy, male child, adolescent
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedṣuḫārtum
- young woman, female child, adolescentFrom 𒍪𒄩𒊒𒌝 (ṣuḫārum, “male child”) + -𒌈 (-tum, feminine suffix).
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- moon
Classical Syriac
syc · 1 lemma- moonCompare Arabic شَهْر (šahr) and Hebrew סַהַר (sáhar).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 3 lemmas- moonInherited from Aramaic סַהֲרָא (sahărā); cognate to Arabic شَهْر (šahr, “month”) and Hebrew סַהַר (sáhar, “crescent”).
- crescent, the figure of the moon as it appears between its first or last quarter and the new moonFrom ܣܲܗܪܵܐ (sahrā, “moon”) + -ܘܿܢܵܐ (-ōnā, the diminuitive ending).
- lunarFrom ܣܲܗܪܵܐ (sahrā, “moon”) + -ܢܝܐ (-ānāyā, the intensitive attributive adjective ending).
Hebrew
he · 6 lemmas- crescentForm of שַׂהַר (sáhar, śáhar, “moon”). Compare Aramaic סהרא (sahrā, “moon”), Arabic شَهْر (šahr, “month, new moon”), Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩠𐩧 (s²hr, “beginning of the lunar month”), Ge'ez ሣህር (śahr, “moon, first day of the month”).
▸ 6 derivations
- derivedסָהוּרsahúr
- derivedסַהֲרוֹןsaharón
- derivedסַהֲרוּרִיsaharurí
- derivedסַהֲרוּרִיּוּתsaharuriyút
- derivedסוהרsóhar
- derivedסֹהַרsóhar
- a unisex given name, SaharForm of שַׂהַר (sáhar, śáhar, “moon”). Compare Aramaic סהרא (sahrā, “moon”), Arabic شَهْر (šahr, “month, new moon”), Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩠𐩧 (s²hr, “beginning of the lunar month”), Ge'ez ሣህር (śahr, “moon, first day of the month”).
- crescent
- Defective spelling of סוהרProbably related to סַהַר (sáhar, “round object”), whence literally, “a round enclosure”.
- Sahara (a desert in Africa)Internationalism. Ultimately from Arabic صَحَارَى (ṣaḥārā, “deserts”). Direct borrowing from Arabic would render ح (ḥ) as ח (kh, ḥ).
- singular form of סַהַר (sáhar) with third-person feminine singular personal pronoun as possessor.From סַהַר (sáhar, “crescent”) + ־ָהּ (-áh, “her”).
Arabic
ar · 7 lemmas- to stay up late, to be wakeful by night
- to cause to be sleepless, wakeful during night
- to spend a sleepless night with
- nightclub (more commonly used in the plural)Noun of place from the root س ه ر (s h r).
- verbal noun of سَاهَرَ (sāhara) (form III)
- verbal noun of سَهِرَ (sahira) (form I)
- a sort of dateA Middle Persian borrowing acquired in Baṣra. Al-Jawālīqī, in his book about Arabicized terminology, draws it to Persian سُهْر (suhr, “red”), which is now سرخ (surx, “red”). He gives two apparently Persianate synonyms سَوَادِيّ (sawādiyy) and أَوْتَكِيّ (ʔawtakiyy).
Tigrinya
irregular reflexti · 1 lemma- drunk