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ʾ s r

30 lemmas · 8 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.T Gen.40.3
Themes:tie·7prisoner·4bind·4captive·3bond·3
POS shape:noun·16verb·10num·2adj·1root·1

This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.

Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family

*ʾ-s-rProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎀𐎒𐎗𐎀 𐎒 𐎗— captive, prisoner
Canaanite
Hebrewאָסוּרא ס ר— forbidden
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicאסרא ס ר— to bind, to tie
Syriacܐܣܪܐܐ ܣ ܪ— bond, tie, link, chain, fastening
Assyrian NAܐܵܣܹܪܐ ܣ ܪ— to bind, tie, tie up, find
Arabic
Arabicأَسَرَء س ر— to bind, to fetter
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicአስራአ ሰ ረ— alternative spelling of ዐሥራ (ʿaśra)
Tigrinyaኣሰረአ ሰ ረ— to arrest

Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.

Ugaritic

irregular reflexug · 1 lemma
  • ảsrnouninferredWiktionary ↗
    captive, prisoner
    Inherited from Proto-Semitic *ʔasīr-.

Imperial Aramaic

arc · 1 lemma
  • verbinferred𐡀 tg. Jer. Gen 49:11Wiktionary ↗
    to bind, to tie
    From Proto-West Semitic *ʔasar-.

Classical Syriac

syc · 3 lemmas
  • ʾěsārānounattestedWiktionary ↗
    bond, tie, link, chain, fastening
    From the root ܐ ܣ ܪ related to binding. Compare Arabic أَسْر (ʔasr) and Hebrew אֱסָר (ʾĕsār).
  • nounattestedWiktionary ↗
    bundle, bunch, handful
    From the root ܐ ܣ ܪ related to binding.
  • nouninferredWiktionary ↗
    emphatic plural of ܡܐܣܪܬܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

aii · 5 lemmas
  • āsērverbattestedWiktionary ↗
    to bind, tie, tie up, find
    From Aramaic אָסַר (ʾāsar), from Proto-Semitic *ʔasar-; compare Akkadian 𒂊𒋛𒊒 (esērum), Arabic أَسَرَ (ʔasara) and Hebrew אָסַר (asár).
  • assārānounattestedWiktionary ↗
    bond, tie, link, chain, fastening
    Compare Arabic أَسْر (ʔasr) and Biblical Hebrew אֱסָר (ʾĕsār).
    ▸ 1 derivation
  • asūrānounattestedWiktionary ↗
    bond, tie, chain
    Compare Biblical Hebrew אֵסוּר (ʾēsûr).
  • asīrānounattestedWiktionary ↗
    prisoner
    Inherited from Aramaic אַסִירָא (ʾassīrā), from Proto-Semitic *ʔasīr-; compare Arabic أَسِير (ʔasīr), Hebrew אָסִיר (asír) and Akkadian 𒀀𒋛𒊒 (asīrum).
    ▸ 2 derivations
  • mēsārtānounattestedWiktionary ↗
    folder, binder, organizer
    Tool noun from the verb ܐܵܣܹܪ (āsēr, “to bind, tie”).

Hebrew

he · 8 lemmas
  • asúradjattestedT Gen.40.3Wiktionary ↗
    forbidden
    ▸ 5 derivations
  • ma'asárnounattestedWiktionary ↗
    Incarceration, imprisonment: confinement as a punishment for a crime.
    From the root א־ס־ר ('-s-r).
  • isúrnounattestedT Gen.40.3Wiktionary ↗
    prohibition, ban
  • asiránounattestedWiktionary ↗
    A (female) prisoner, inmate, captive, bondswoman.
  • asárverbinferredT Num.30.3Wiktionary ↗
    to bind, tie, join
    Inherited from Proto-Semitic *ʔasar-; cognate with Arabic أَسَرَ (ʔasara, “to capture, seize”), etc.
  • asúraverbinferredT Exod.3.3Wiktionary ↗
    First-person singular cohortative (prefix conjugation) of סָר (sár).
  • as'ráverbinferredT Exod.3.3Wiktionary ↗
    Third-person feminine singular past (suffix conjugation) of אָסַר (asár).
  • ʾ-s-rrootinferredT Num.30.3Wiktionary ↗
    Related to binding, tying, imprisonment.
    Cognate with Arabic ء س ر (ʔ s r). The "prohibition" sense derives from the primary "binding" sense.

Arabic

ar · 8 lemmas
  • ʔasaraverbattestedWiktionary ↗
    to bind, to fetter
    Inherited from Proto-Semitic *ʔasar-.
  • ʔasrnounattestedWiktionary ↗
    verbal noun of أَسَرَ (ʔasara) (form I)
    Inherited from Proto-Semitic *ʔasar-.
  • ʔusranounattestedWiktionary ↗
    family
  • ʔasīrnounattestedWiktionary ↗
    prisoner of war, captive
    * Diachronically inherited from Proto-Semitic *ʔasīr-.
  • ʔizārnounattestedWiktionary ↗
    an item of menswear made up of a piece of cloth that is wrapped around the lower body; a men's skirt (such as a kilt or a sarong)
    Similar to the root ء س ر (ʔ s r), whence also إِسَار (ʔisār, “strap”), but perhaps more closely via Aramaic אזרא (ʾizārā), איזרא / ܐܝܙܪܐ (ʾīzārā, “a kind of wide belt as a garment”) from a root cognate to Arabic عَزَرَ (ʕazara, “to withhold, to restrain”), as it derives best in Hebrew אָזַר (ʾāzar, “to press, to…
    ▸ 8 derivations
  • māsūranounattestedWiktionary ↗
    cane, reed
    From an older مَأْسُورَة (maʔsūra) from the passive participle of أَسَرَ (ʔasara, “to bind”), from the root ء س ر (ʔ s r).
  • ʔasralaverbinferredWiktionary ↗
    to israelize
    Denominal verb of إِسْرَائِيل (ʔisrāʔīl, “Israel”), with the first quadriliteral conjugation implying the bestowing of a particular quality.
  • yuʔsaruverbinferredWiktionary ↗

Amharic

am · 2 lemmas
  • ʾasranuminferredWiktionary ↗
    alternative spelling of ዐሥራ (ʿaśra)
  • ʾassərnuminferredWiktionary ↗
    alternative spelling of ዐሥር (ʿaśśər)

Tigrinya

ti · 2 lemmas
  • ʾasäräverbinferredWiktionary ↗
    to arrest
    From Proto-West Semitic *ʔasar-.
  • məʾsarverbinferredWiktionary ↗
    infinitive of ኣሰረ (ʾasärä)

Related rootsshare 2 of 3 consonants with ʾ-s-r

Compare two languages side-by-side

ug ↔ arcug ↔ sycug ↔ aiiug ↔ heug ↔ ar