ʾ y r
30 lemmas · 7 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.T Prov.29.13
Themes:iran·5country·5west·5asia·4middle·4
POS shape:name·11noun·9verb·5adj·3proper noun·1intj·1
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ʾ-w-rProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewאִיָּרא י ר— defective spelling of אייר
Punic𐤀𐤉𐤓𐤍𐤌𐤀 𐤉 𐤓
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicאירא י ר— May
Syriacܐܝܪܐ ܝ ܪ— May
Assyrian NAܐܝܼܵܪܐ ܝ ܪ— second month of the Assyrian calendar
Arabic
Arabicآرَء ي ر— to have sex with
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicአየርአ የ ረ— air
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Punic
irregular reflexpun · 1 lemmaImperial Aramaic
arc · 2 lemmas- MayFrom Akkadian 𒌚𒄞 (Ayyārum).
- Iraq, the southern end of MesopotamiaFrom Middle Persian [script needed] (ˀyrg /ērag/) or [script needed] (ˀl'k' /erāg/, “lowlands”), like 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyrʾn /ērān/, “Iran”) but with diminutive suffix from 𐭠𐭩𐭫 (ʾyl /ēr/, “Iranian”), comprehending a plain opposed to the plateaus of Persia.
Classical Syriac
syc · 2 lemmas- MayFrom Aramaic אִיָּיר (ʾīyār), from Akkadian 𒌚𒄞 (Ayyārum).
- Iran (a country in West Asia in the Middle East; official name: ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܐܣܠܐܡܝܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܐܢ)From Persian ایران (irân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān, “of the Aryans”).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- second month of the Assyrian calendarFrom Aramaic אִיָּר (ʾiyyār), from Akkadian 𒌚𒄞 (Ayyārum); compare also borrowed into Hebrew אִיָּר (iyár) and Arabic أَيَّار (ʔayyār).
- dick, cockCompare also Arabic أَيْر (ʔayr).
- fuck!Compare also Arabic أَيْر (ʔayr).
- Iran (a country in West Asia in the Middle East)From Persian ایران (irân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān, “of the Aryans”).
- Jericho (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)From Biblical Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ (yərîḥô).
- Ireland (an island and country in northwestern Europe)From Arabic إِيرْلَنْدَا (ʔīrlandā), from English Ireland.
▸ 3 derivations
- derivedܐܝܼܪܠܲܢܕܵܝܵܐīrlandāyā
- derivedܐܝܼܪܠܲܢܕܵܐܝܼܬ݂īrlandāˀīṯ
- derivedܓܲܪܒܹܐ ܐܝܼܪܠܲܢܕܵܐgarbē īrlandā
- Irish (of, from, or pertaining to Ireland, its culture, language or people)From ܐܝܼܪܠܲܢܕܵܐ (īrlandā, “Ireland”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
- Irishman, Irish person (person from Ireland or of Irish descent)From ܐܝܼܪܠܲܢܕܵܐ (īrlandā, “Ireland”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- defective spelling of אייר
- euro
- alternative spelling of אִירָאן (irán): Iran
- To illuminate, light, light up, brighten.From the root א־ו־ר ('-w-r).
- Masculine singular present participle and present tense of הֵאִיר (he'ir, “to light up”).
- Iran (a country in West Asia in the Middle East)From Persian ایران (irân), from Classical Persian ایران (ērān), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾērān, “of the Aryans”).
- iris
- feminine singular indefinite form of אִירִי (iri)
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to have sex with
- the penis
- verbal noun of أَوْرَى (ʔawrā) (form IV)
- Iran (a country in West Asia in the Middle East)
- Iranianإِيرَان (ʔīrān, “Iran”) + ـِيّ (-iyy).
- Iranianإِيرَان (ʔīrān, “Iran”) + ـِيّ (-iyy).
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- air