ʾ y l
32 lemmas · 8 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.T Gen.1.9
Themes:male· ذَكَر · זָכָר·8deer·6stag·5name· اِسْم · שֵׁם·5tree· شَجَرَة · עֵץ·4
POS shape:noun·17name·10pron·3det·1conj·1
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ʾ-w-lProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugariticʾayyalu𐎀 𐎊 𐎍— red deer: a member of species Cervus elaphus, or specifically a male (hart, stag)
Canaanite
Hebrewאַיָּלא י ל— deer, stag
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicאילא י ל— God, the single god of monotheism.
Syriacܐܝܠܐ ܝ ܠ— El, God
Assyrian NAܐܝܼܠܘܿܠܐ ܝ ܠ— sixth month of the Assyrian calendar
Turoyoܐܝܠܢܐ ܝ ܠ— September
Arabic
Arabicإِيلِيَاءء ي ل— Jerusalem
South Semitic
Old South Arabian
OSA𐩱𐩺𐩡𐩱 𐩺 𐩡— stag
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- red deer: a member of species Cervus elaphus, or specifically a male (hart, stag)From Proto-Semitic *ʔayyal-.
Old South Arabian
irregular reflexosa · 1 lemma- stag
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 6 lemmas- God, the single god of monotheism.From Proto-Semitic *ʾil-.
- stag, hart (male deer)From Proto-Semitic *ʔayyal-.
- September
- which
- treeFrom Akkadian 𒀠𒆷𒀭 (ʾallānu, alyānu, “oak; acorn”), Sumerian 𒄑𒀠𒆷𒈝 (allanum, “oak; acorn, acorn-shaped”). Also Hebrew אֵלוֹן (elōn, “great tree”), אַלּוֹן (allōn, “great tree; oak”), Classical Syriac ܐܺܝܠܴܢܳܐ (ʾīlānā), Mandaic ࡏࡋࡀࡍࡀ.
- hind (female deer)
Classical Syriac
syc · 6 lemmas- El, GodBorrowed from Hebrew אֵל (ʾēl), from Proto-Semitic *ʾil-. Doublet of ܐܠܗܐ, a native word.
- absolute singular of ܐܝܠܐ
- stag, hart (male deer)From Proto-Semitic *ʔayyal-.
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܐܝܠܘܬܐʾəyālūṯā, ʾīyālūṯā
- SeptemberFrom Aramaic אֱלוּל (ʾelul), from Akkadian 𒌗𒆥 (ITI.KIN /ulūlu, elūlu/).
- tree, tree trunkFrom Akkadian 𒀠𒆷𒀭 (ʾallānu, alyānu, “oak; acorn”), Sumerian 𒄑𒀠𒆷𒈝 (allanum, “oak; acorn, acorn-shaped”). Also other Aramaic אִילָנָא (ʾīlānā), Hebrew אֵלוֹן (elōn, “great tree”), אַלּוֹן (allōn, “great tree; oak”).
- doe, hind (female deer)Ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ʾayyal-.
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- sixth month of the Assyrian calendarInherited from Aramaic אִילוֹל (ʾīlūl), from Akkadian 𒌗𒆥 (ⁱᵗⁱeluli, “month of harvest”). Compare Turoyo ܐܝܠܷܢ (ilën) and also borrowed into Arabic أَيْلُول (ʔaylūl).
- whichInherited from Aramaic אַיְלֵין (ʾaylēn), from אַי (ʾay) + הָלֵין (hālēn, “these”), hence from Proto-Semitic *ʔayy-; compare Hebrew אֵילוּ (éylu).
- treeFrom Aramaic אִילָנָא (ʾīlānā), from Akkadian 𒀠𒆷𒀭 (ʾallānu, alyānu, “oak; acorn”), from Sumerian 𒄑𒀠𒆷𒈝 (allanum, “oak; acorn, acorn-shaped”); compare Hebrew אֵלוֹן (elón, “great tree, oak”).
- a male given nameNeologism composed of ܐܹܝܠ (ēl, “God, El”) + ܪܵܡ (rām, “exalted”), literally “God is exalted”.
- a female given nameComposed of ܐܹܝܠ (ēl, “God”) + ܒܪܵܬܵܐ (brātā, “daughter”). A neologism proposed by Jacqueline Gorgis Sewdin, meant to mean “daughter of God,” but based on a misunderstanding of the language instead translates to “God is a daughter.”
- a male given nameA modern Classical Syriac composition from ܐܝܠ (ʾēl, “God”) + ܫܕܪ (šaddar, “[he] sent”), literally “God sent”.
- a male given nameFrom Classical Syriac, composed of ܐܝܠ (ʾēl, “God”) + ܫܡܥ (šmaʿ, “[he] heard”), literally “God heard”.
- a male given nameComposed of ܐܹܝܠ (ēl, “God”) + ܒܪܘܿܢܵܐ (brōnā, “little son”). A neologism proposed by Jacqueline Gorgis Sewdin, meant to mean “son of God,” but based on a misunderstanding of the language instead translates to “God is a son.”
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- deer, stagFrom Proto-Semitic *ʔayyal-.
- strength; (only in the phrase יש לאל ידי (“it is in my power”)).Etymology unclear, perhaps related to אֵל (“a god”).
- ram (a male sheep, typically uncastrated)From Proto-Semitic *ʔayyal-.
- defective spelling of איילSee etymology at the plene spelling.
- defective spelling of איילBorrowed from Aramaic אילא (ʾīyālā).
- which?
- excessive spelling of אֵלּוּ
- excessive spelling of אִלּוּ
Arabic
ar · 1 lemma- JerusalemApparently from the Latin name of the Roman colony Aelia Capitōlīna (“Aelia, the Capitoline One”), built by Emperor Publius Aelius Hadrianus and named after the emperor's family Aelia and the capitoliums.
Turoyo
tru · 1 lemma- September