q ṭ r
35 lemmas · 7 languages
soundAll three consonants are regularT Gen.19.28
Themes:qatar·4country·4knot·3middle·3east·3
POS shape:noun·25verb·6name·3adj·1
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*q-ṭProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎖𐎉𐎗𐎖 𐎉 𐎗— smoke
Canaanite
Hebrewמִקְטֶרֶתק ט ר— A pipe (for smoking)
Aramaic
Syriacܩܛܝܪܐܩ ܛ ܪ— congealed, coagulated
Assyrian NAܩܵܛܹܪܩ ܛ ܪ— to congeal, coagulate, condense
Arabic
Arabicقَطَرَق ط ر— to drip, to dribble, to trickle
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Ge'ezእንቁጣጣሽቐ ጠ ረ— The first day of the Ethiopian calendar Year, celebrated as a New Year festival
Amharicመቁጠርቀ ጠ ረ— to count
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- smokeCompare Hebrew קטורת / קְטֹרֶת (qəṭṓreṯ, “incense”), Akkadian 𒆪𒌓𒊒 (qutru, “smoke”) and Arabic Arabic قُتَار (qutār, “scent of grilled meat”).
Classical Syriac
syc · 8 lemmas- congealed, coagulatedFrom the root ܩ ܛ ܪ related to condensing. Compare Arabic قطر.
- compulsion, necessity, constraintFrom the root ܩ ܛ ܪ related to condensing. Compare Arabic قطر.
- binding, node, conjunction, knotFrom the root ܩ ܛ ܪ.
- Qatar
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedܩܛܪܝܐ
- relatedܩܛܪ on syriacdictionary.net
- citron fruitBorrowed from Ancient Greek κίτριν (kítrin), κίτριον (kítrion), κίτρον (kítron).
- quiverFrom Middle Persian [script needed] (kntgl /kantigr/, “quiver”).
- alternative spelling of ܩܛܪܩܐ
- alternative spelling of ܩܛܪܩܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- to congeal, coagulate, condenseCompare Arabic قَطَرَ (qaṭara, “to distill”) and Hebrew קִטֵּר (kitér, “to offer incense”).
- binding, knotting, tyingVerbal noun of ܩܵܛܹܪ (qāṭēr) with the sense of “train” a semantic loan from Arabic قِطَار (qiṭār).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܩܸܛܪܵܢܵܐqiṭrānā
- tie, knot, bondageOf the noun pattern 1i23ā, from the verb ܩܵܛܹܪ (qāṭēr, “to bind, tie”); possible cognate of Hebrew קֶשֶׁר (késher).
- cliff
- parcel, packageTool noun from the verb ܩܵܛܹܪ (qāṭēr, “to bind, fasten”).
- Qatar (a country in Middle East, Asia)Borrowed from Arabic قَطَر (qaṭar); see also Classical Syriac ܒܹܝܬ݂ ܩܲܛܪ̈ܵܝܹܐ (bêṯ qaṭrāyē).
- construct state singular of ܩܸܛܪܵܐ (qiṭrā, “knot, bond, tie”)
- construct state singular of ܩܛܵܪܵܐ (qṭārā, “train”)
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- A pipe (for smoking)
- steam, smoke, vapourFrom the root ק־ט־ר (q-t-r), referring to smoke, steam, or burning.
- defective spelling of קיטרCognate with Arabic قِطَار (qiṭār).
- A locomotive (The power unit of a train)Cognate with Arabic قِطَار (qiṭār).
- defective spelling of קוֹטֶר.Cognate with Arabic قِطَار (qiṭār).
- Qatar (a country in West Asia in the Middle East)Cognate with Arabic قِطَار (qiṭār).
- diameterFrom Arabic قُطْر (quṭr).
- whiner, complainerFrom Yiddish קאָטער (koter, “tomcat”).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to drip, to dribble, to trickle
- to let drip, to let dribble, to infuse in driblets
- drops, dribblets; rain
- region, quarter, district, section, zone, tract, country, land
- Qatar (a country in West Asia in the Middle East)
- agalloch, agarwood, aloeswood, eaglewood; Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. Aquilaria agallocha)
- fusible copper or brass
- to drip, to dribble, to trickle
Ge'ez
irregular reflexgez · 1 lemma- The first day of the Ethiopian calendar Year, celebrated as a New Year festival
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- to count