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m r ʾ

20 lemmas · 7 languages
hamzatedContains ʾ (glottal stop) in position 1 or 3. Glottal stops assimilate or elide in many inflections, producing irregular surface forms.T Gen.41.4
Themes:lord·5master·3name· اِسْم · שֵׁם·3ruler· حَاكِم · מוֹשֵׁל·2metaphysics·2
POS shape:noun·10name·6verb·2adj·1adv·1

This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.

Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family

*m-r-ʾProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewמַרמ ר אMister (a title of respect for a man, preceding his surname in Modern Hebrew)
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicמראמ ר אlord, master, ruler
Syriacܡܪܐܡ ܪ ܐshovel, spade, hoe, mattock
Assyrian NAܡܵܪܝܵܐܡ ܪ ܐLord; the Christian concept of God and Jesus
Arabic
Arabicاِمْرُؤم ر ءperson, human being, "one"
South Semitic
Old South Arabian
OSA𐩣𐩧𐩱𐩣 𐩧 𐩱lord
Ethio-Semitic
Tigrinyaመርዓዊמ ר ءbridegroom

Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.

Old South Arabian

irregular reflexosa · 1 lemma

Imperial Aramaic

arc · 2 lemmas

Classical Syriac

syc · 1 lemma
  • nouninferredWiktionary ↗
    shovel, spade, hoe, mattock
    From Akkadian 𒄑𒈥 (marru [^(GEŠ)MAR]). Compare Arabic مَرّ (marr) and Ancient Greek μάρρον (márrhon).

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

aii · 6 lemmas
  • māryānameattestedWiktionary ↗
    Lord; the Christian concept of God and Jesus
    Inherited from Aramaic מָרְיָא (māryā), from Proto-Semitic *māriʔ- reinterpreted as ܡܵܪ (mār, “lord of”) + ܝܵܐ (yā, “Jah”) now used only for the Lord God (ie. the Tetragrammaton). Displaced in its original sense by the newer form ܡܵܪܵܐ (mārā); cognate to Arabic اِمْرُؤ (imruʔ, “human being; man”), اِمْرَأَة (imraʔa,…
    2 derivations
  • mārtānounattestedWiktionary ↗
    lady, mistress
    Inherited from Aramaic מָּרתָּא (mārtā), feminine form of ܡܵܪܵܐ (mārā).
  • mārtānameattestedWiktionary ↗
    Martha
    Inherited from Aramaic מָּרתָּא (mārtā), feminine form of ܡܵܪܵܐ (mārā).
  • mārānāyāadjattestedWiktionary ↗
    of or belonging to a lord or master
    From ܡܵܪܵܐ (mārā, “lord, master, owner”) + -ܢܝܐ (-ānāyā, the intensitive attributive adjective ending).
    2 derivations
  • mārānouninferredWiktionary ↗
    lord, master, ruler
    Originally a variant based on the short absolute state of ܡܵܪܝܵܐ (māryā) which is used only for the Lord God (ie. the Tetragrammaton); compare Hebrew מַר (mar), and also borrowed into Arabic مَار (mār), Old Armenian մար (mar), and Malayalam മാർ (māṟ).
    8 derivations
  • mārˀēlnameinferredWiktionary ↗
    a male given name, Marel
    From ܡܵܪ (mār, “lord of”) + ܐܹܝܠ (ēl, “God”), literally “lord of God”

Hebrew

he · 4 lemmas
  • marnounattestedT Exod.30.23Wiktionary ↗
    Mister (a title of respect for a man, preceding his surname in Modern Hebrew)
    From Aramaic מרא (maraʾ); compare Classical Syriac ܡܪܐ (mārā). Perhaps reinforced by English Mr.
  • hamra'ánounattestedT Gen.41.4Wiktionary ↗
    A takeoff, a departure (of an aircraft).
    Action noun of the verb הִמְרִיא (himrí), from the root מ־ר־א (m-r-').
  • himríverbattestedWiktionary ↗
    take off
  • maránameinferredT Ruth.1.20Wiktionary ↗
    a female given name, equivalent to English Mara
    From מַר (mar, “bitter”).

Arabic

ar · 5 lemmas
  • imruʔnounattestedWiktionary ↗
    person, human being, "one"
    3 derivations
  • marratan ʔuḵrāadvinferredWiktionary ↗
    again
    Literally, “another time”.
  • māwarāʔiyyātnouninferredWiktionary ↗
    metaphysics
  • mā warāʔa n-nahrnameinferredWiktionary ↗
    Transoxiana, "beyond the river" (an old name for the land in Central Asia north of the Amu Darya River).
  • mā warāʔa ṭ-ṭabīʕatinameinferredWiktionary ↗
    metaphysics

Tigrinya

ti · 1 lemma

Related rootsshare 2 of 3 consonants with m-r-ʾ

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