ḥ k m
29 lemmas · 8 languages
soundAll three consonants are regularT Exod.31.6
Themes:wise·9wisdom· حِكْمَة · חָכְמָה·8knowledge·4science·3philosophy·2
POS shape:noun·13adj·7verb·6root·2name·1
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ḥ-k-mProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎈𐎋𐎎𐎈 𐎋 𐎎— wise
Canaanite
Hebrewחָכָםח כ ם— wise, smart
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicחכםח כ מ— to be wise
Syriacܚܟܡܬܐܚ ܟ ܡ— wisdom, knowledge, science, philosophy
Assyrian NAܚܲܟܝܼܡܵܐܚ ܟ ܡ— wise, smart
Arabic
Arabicحَكَمَح ك م— to exercise authority, command, bid, to rule, to reign, to decree
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicሐኪምሐ ከ መ— doctor
Tigrinyaሓኪምሐ ከ መ— doctor
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 2 lemmas- wiseCompare Hebrew חָכָם (ḥāḵām), Aramaic חַכִּים (ḥakkīm), Arabic حَكِيم (ḥakīm).
- wisdomCompare Hebrew חָכְמָה (ḥoḵmā), Arabic حِكْمَة (ḥikma).
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 2 lemmas- to be wise
- wisdom, knowledge, science
Classical Syriac
syc · 1 lemma- wisdom, knowledge, science, philosophyFrom the root ܚ ܟ ܡ related to wisdom; compare Hebrew חָכְמָה (ḥoḵmâ).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 6 lemmas- wise, smartOf the adjectival pattern 1a22ī3ā, inherited from Aramaic חַכִּימָא (ḥakkīmā); cognate to Arabic حَكِيم (ḥakīm) and Hebrew חָכָם (khakhám).
- sageOf the adjectival pattern 1a22ī3ā, inherited from Aramaic חַכִּימָא (ḥakkīmā); cognate to Arabic حَكِيم (ḥakīm) and Hebrew חָכָם (khakhám).
- a male given nameOf the adjectival pattern 1a22ī3ā, inherited from Aramaic חַכִּימָא (ḥakkīmā); cognate to Arabic حَكِيم (ḥakīm) and Hebrew חָכָם (khakhám).
- wisdom, knowledge, science, philosophyFrom Aramaic חֵכמְּתָא (ḥeḵməṯā); compare Hebrew חָכְמָה (khokhmá) and Arabic حِكْمَة (ḥikma).
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedܚܲܟܝܼܡܵܐḥakīmā
- derivedܚܸܟ݂ܡܬܵܢܵܝܵܐḥiḵmtānāyā
- sexual intercourse, copulation, coitusOf the noun pattern 12u3yā.
- forming words pertaining to wisdomFrom Proto-Semitic; compare Hebrew ח־כ־ם (ḥ-k-m) and Arabic ح ك م (ḥ k m).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- wise, smartCompare Arabic حَكِيم (ḥakīm), Aramaic חַכִּים (ḥakkīm).
▸ 3 derivations
- derivedאֶבֶן הַחֲכָמִיםéven ha-khakhamím
- derivedתַּלְמִיד חָכָםtalmíd khakhám
- derivedחז״לkhaza"l
- wise man, sageCompare Arabic حَكِيم (ḥakīm), Aramaic חַכִּים (ḥakkīm).
- to be wise, become wise, learnCompare Arabic حَكِيم (ḥakīm), Aramaic חַכִּים (ḥakkīm).
- to become wise, acquire knowledge, learn
- defective spelling of חוכמה.Cognate with Arabic حكمة.
- Related to wisdom.Unknown. Compare Arabic ح ك م (ḥ k m).
- wisdomRelated to Arabic حِكْمَة (ḥikma).
- feminine plural indefinite form of חָכָם (khakhám)
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- to exercise authority, command, bid, to rule, to reign, to decree
- to be wise
- to appoint as a judge or governor
- elative degree of حَكِيم (ḥakīm)Elative of حَكِيم (ḥakīm, “wise”) and form IV.
- ruling, governingDerived from the active participle of the verb حَكَمَ (ḥakama, “to pass judgment”).
- wisdomFrom the verbal noun of حَكُمَ (ḥakuma, “to be wise”). Compare Hebrew חָכְמָה (ḥokhmá, “wisdom”) and Ugaritic 𐎈𐎋𐎎𐎚 (ḥkmt).
- bridle, bit
- legalحُكْم (ḥukm, “judgement”) + ـِيّ (-iyy).
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- doctorBorrowed from Arabic حَكِيم (ḥakīm).
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- doctorBorrowed from Arabic حَكِيم (ḥakīm).