ḥ m m
31 lemmas · 7 languages
geminateSecond and third consonants are identical (ḥ-b-b 'love'). Surface forms often show a doubled consonant (mediae geminatae).T Gen.30.32
Themes:heat·10hot·7warm·4temperature·3fever·3
POS shape:noun·16verb·9adj·5name·1
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ḥ-m-mProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Canaanite
Hebrewחוּםח מ ם— Brown, brown-colored.
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicחמםח מ מ— to be hot
Syriacܚܘܡܐܚ ܡ ܡ— heat, sultriness
Assyrian NAܚܵܐܹܡܚ ܡ ܡ— to be/become hot, heat up
Arabic
Arabicأَحَمّح م م— black
South Semitic
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicሕመምሐ መ መ— illness, disease
Tigrinyaሕሙምሐ መ መ— sick
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- to be hot
Classical Syriac
syc · 3 lemmas- heat, sultrinessFrom the root ܚ ܡ ܡ related to being hot. Compare Arabic حَمّ (ḥamm) and Hebrew חֹם (ḥōm).
- heat, passion, ardor/ardourFrom the root ܚ ܡ ܡ related to being hot. Compare Arabic حُمَّة (ḥumma) and Hebrew חֵמָה (ḥēmâ).
- emphatic plural of ܚܡܬܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- to be/become hot, heat upInherited from Aramaic חֲמַם (ḥămam); compare Arabic حَمَّ (ḥamma) and Hebrew הִתְחַמֵּם (hitkhamém).
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedܡܲܚܸܡmaḥḥim
- heat (condition or quality of being hot or at a high temperature)Inherited from Aramaic [Term?]; compare Arabic حُمَّة (ḥumma) and Hebrew חֵמָה (khemá).
- to heat, heat up, warm, warm upCausative of ܚܵܐܹܡ (ḥāˀēm); compare Hebrew חִמֵּם (khimém).
- heat (thermal energy)From Aramaic חֵמְתָּא (ḥemmətā); related to Arabic حُمَّة (ḥumma) and Hebrew חֵמָה (khemá).
- pubescent maiden; girl who is entering or is in the stage of early womanhood (between teenage-hood and the end of the 30s), especially unmarriedAlso found in Classical Syriac.
- hot (relating to having or giving off a high temperature)Of the adjective pattern 1a22ī3ā, inherited from Aramaic חַמִּימָא (ḥammīmā); compare Arabic حَمِيم (ḥamīm) and Hebrew חַם (kham).
▸ 2 derivations
- derivedܚܲܡܝܼܡܵܐܝܼܬ݂ḥamīmāˀīṯ
- derivedܚܲܡܝܼܡܘܼܬ݂ܵܐḥamīmūṯā
- to be/become fevered, to have a feverReduplicated form derived from ܚܵܐܹܡ (ḥāˀēm, “to be/become hot”).
▸ 1 derivation
- relatedܚܲܡܚܲܡܬܵܐḥamḥamtā
- fever (higher than normal body temperature usually caused by disease)Instance noun of the verb ܡܚܲܡܚܸܡ (mḥamḥim).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- Brown, brown-colored.
- brown (a colour like that of chocolate or coffee)
- Heat, warmth: the property of being hot.From the root ח־מ־ם (kh-m-m); compare חַם (khám).
- sunNamed after its heat and related to חַם (kham, “hot”).
▸ 5 derivations
- derivedליקוי חמהlikúy khamá
- derivedלִקּוּי חַמָּהlikúy khamá
- derivedשְׁנַת חַמָּהsh'nát khamá
- derivedמהיר חימהm'hir khemá
- derivedמְהִיר חֵמָהm'hir khemá
- hot spring(s)
- various ancient cities in Levant
- to be heated
- to heat, to heat up, to warm, to warm up (an object or space)Related to חַם (kham, “hot”).
Arabic
ar · 8 lemmas- blackColor or defect adjective from the root ح م م (ḥ m m).
- extremely hotCompare حَمِيم (ḥamīm).
- fever
- to shower, to bathe
- a bath, a bathtubFrom the root ح م م (ḥ m m); related to heating.
▸ 1 derivation
- derivedحَمَّام سِبَاحَةḥammām sibāḥa
- to whinny, to snickerOnomatopoeic.
- borage (any plant in Borago gen., especially Borago officinalis, and the genus itself)From the root ح م م (ḥ m m) meaning “to become hot”, “to be heated”, “to be boiling or steaming”, “to have a fever”, “a bathhouse or sauna”; related to its other title أَبُو مِن العَرَق (ʔabū min al-ʕaraq, literally “father of sweat”) for the common use of its leaves by Arab physicians in diaphoretic medicines.
- to bathe, to shower
Amharic
am · 2 lemmas- illness, disease
- patient, sick person
Tigrinya
ti · 1 lemma- sick