ḥ b š
15 lemmas · 8 languages
soundAll three consonants are regularT Job.28.11
Themes:aba·2ethiopian·2former·2
POS shape:noun·8verb·4name·2adj·1
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*ḥ-b-šProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎈𐎁𐎌𐎈 𐎁 𐎌— girdle, belt
Canaanite
Hebrewחָבַשׁח ב שׁ— to wear (a hat)
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicחבשח ב ש— to imprison, to confine
Syriacܚܒܘܫܐܚ ܒ ܫ— kind of apple
Assyrian NAܚܵܒ݂ܹܫܚ ܒ ܫ— to contain (hold inside or include as a part)
Arabic
Arabicحَبَشح ب ش— only used in الْحَبَش (al-ḥabaš)
South Semitic
Old South Arabian
Sabaean𐩢𐩨𐩦𐩩𐩢 𐩨 𐩦
Ethio-Semitic
Amharicሐበሻሐ በ ሸ— A member of the Habesha people, typically of Ethiopian or Eritrean heritage.
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 1 lemma- girdle, belt
Sabaean
irregular reflexsab · 1 lemmaImperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- to imprison, to confine
Classical Syriac
syc · 2 lemmas- kind of appleCompare Hebrew חַבּוּשׁ (ḥabbū́š, “quince”).
- beetleCompare ܚܪܦܘܫܬܐ (ḥarpuštā, “dung beetle”).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 2 lemmas- to contain (hold inside or include as a part)From Aramaic חְבַשׁ (ḥəḇaš); cognate with Arabic حَبَسَ (ḥabasa) and Hebrew חָבַשׁ (khavásh, “to bind, tie”).
- inclusive, comprehensive, incorporatingActive adjective of ܚܵܒ݂ܹܫ (ḥāḇēš, “to contain; to include”).
Hebrew
he · 2 lemmas- to wear (a hat)
- bandage, dressing
Arabic
ar · 5 lemmas- only used in الْحَبَش (al-ḥabaš)
- to collect, to earn, to reapBack-formation from الْحَبَشَة (al-ḥabaša, “Ethiopia”) due to ideas of getting richer through incense trade. Alternatively variant of حَفَشَ (ḥafaša, “to gather”), which may be illustrated by the same verb in Ge'ez, ሐፈሠ (ḥäfäśä), variating too as ሐበሠ (ḥäbäśä, “to collect”).
- Ethiopianاَلْحَبَشَة (al-ḥabaša, “Ethiopia, the Ethiopians”) + ـِيّ (-iyy).
- alternative form of اَلْحَبَشَة (al-ḥabaša)
- Abyssinia (former name of Ethiopia: a country and former empire in East Africa; used as an exonym until the mid 20th century)Ge'ez ሐበሠት (ḥäbäśät), only attested in Aksumite inscriptions, later replaced with e.g. ብሔረ ግዕዝ (bəḥerä gəʿz), ብሔረ አግዓዝ (bəḥerä ʾägʿaz) and the Ancient Greek exonym ኢትዮጵያ (ʾityop̣ya); originally also meaning both sides of the Red Sea (which Aksum colonized). To its dominion then Old South Arabian 𐩢𐩨𐩦𐩩 (ḥbs²t) referred.…
Amharic
am · 1 lemma- A member of the Habesha people, typically of Ethiopian or Eritrean heritage.Borrowed from Ge'ez ሐበሠ (ḥäbäśä, literally “Habesha”), historically referring to the Habesha people — an ethnonym for certain groups in the Horn of Africa, especially in Ethiopia and Eritrea.