š b ʿ
32 lemmas · 8 languages
soundAll three consonants are regularT Gen.5.7
Themes:seven· سَبْعَة · שֶׁבַע·13week·4satiated·4full·3seventy·2
POS shape:num·14noun·6verb·5adj·4numeral·2name·1
This root is attested across 8 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*š-b-ʿProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎌𐎁𐎓𐎌 𐎁 𐎓— feminine of 𐎌𐎁𐎓𐎚 (šbʿt /šabʿatu/)
Canaanite
Hebrewשֶׁבַעשׁ ב ע— feminine of שִׁבְעָה (shiv'á, “seven”)
Punic𐤔𐤁𐤏𐤕𐤔 𐤁 𐤏— seven
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicשְׁבַעש ב ע— feminine of שַׁבְעָא (šaḇʿā, “seven”)
Syriacܫܒܘܥܐܫ ܒ ܥ— week
Assyrian NAܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܐܫ ܒ ܥ— week, period of seven days
Western NAܫܒܥܐܫ ܒ ܥ— seven
Arabic
Arabicأَشْبَعَش ب ع— to render full, satiated
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 2 lemmas- feminine of 𐎌𐎁𐎓𐎚 (šbʿt /šabʿatu/)
- sevenFrom Proto-Semitic *šabʕ- (“seven”). Cognate with Arabic سَبْعَة (sabʕa) and Biblical Hebrew שִׁבְעָה (šiḇʿâ).
Punic
irregular reflexpun · 1 lemma- seven
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 6 lemmas- feminine of שַׁבְעָא (šaḇʿā, “seven”)
- seven (7)
- seventy (70)Compare Hebrew שִׁבְעִים (shiv'ím).
- seventeen (17)Compare Hebrew שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר (shiv'á 'asár).
- seven hundred
- feminine of שְׁבַעְסַר (šəḇaʿəsar, “seventeen”)
Classical Syriac
syc · 1 lemma- weekDerived from ܫܒܥܐ (šaḇʿā, “seven”). Compare Arabic أُسْبُوع (ʔusbūʕ) and Hebrew שָׁבוּעַ (šāḇûaʿ).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- week, period of seven daysLearned borrowing from Classical Syriac derived from ܫܲܒ݂ܥܵܐ (šaḇˁā, “seven”); compare Arabic أُسْبُوع (ʔusbūʕ) and Hebrew שָׁבוּעַ (shavúa').
▸ 4 derivations
- derivedܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܝܵܐšāḇōˁāyā
- derivedܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܐܝܼܬ݂šāḇōˁāˀīṯ
- derivedܫܘܼܠܵܡ ܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܐšūlām šāḇōˁā
- derivedܒܪܝܼܟ݂ ܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܐbrīḵ šāḇōˁā
- weeklyFrom ܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܐ (šāḇōˁā, “week”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
- weekly (a publication that is published once a week)From ܫܵܒ݂ܘܿܥܵܐ (šāḇōˁā, “week”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending).
- seventh (7th)Of the pattern 12ī3āyā or ܫܲܒ݂ܥܵܐ (šaḇˁā, “seven”) + -ܝܐ (-āyā, the attributive adjective ending)
- feminine of ܫܲܒ݂ܥܵܐ (šaḇˁā) seven (7)From Aramaic שְבַע (šəḇaʿ), from Proto-Semitic *šabʕat-; compare Arabic سَبْع (sabʕ) and Hebrew שֶׁבַע (shéva').
- seven (7)From Aramaic שַׁבעָא (šaḇʿā), from Proto-Semitic *šabʕ-; compare Arabic سَبْعَة (sabʕa), Hebrew שִׁבְעָה (shiv'á) and Akkadian 𒐌 (sebet).
- masculine construct state of ܫܲܒ݂ܥܵܐ (šaḇˁā, “seven”)
- seventy (70)From Aramaic שַׁבְעִין (šaḇəʿīn), from Proto-Semitic *šabʕū-; compare Arabic سَبْعُونَ (sabʕūna) and Hebrew שִׁבְעִים (shiv'ím).
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- feminine of שִׁבְעָה (shiv'á, “seven”)Inherited from Proto-Semitic *šabʕum.
- a female given nameInherited from Proto-Semitic *šabʕum.
- to be sated.Compare Arabic شَبِعَ (šabiʕa, “to be satisfied (full of food)”).
- satietyCompare Arabic شَبِعَ (šabiʕa, “to be satisfied (full of food)”).
- satiated, filledCompare Arabic شَبِعَ (šabiʕa, “to be satisfied (full of food)”).
- to swear, to promise
- week, period of seven days
- sevenInherited from Proto-Semitic *šabʕatum.
Arabic
ar · 5 lemmas- to render full, satiated
- to get saturated
- full, satiated
- to be full, to be satiatedCompare Hebrew שָׂבַע (savá', “to be sated, to be satisfied”) and Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܣܵܒ݂ܹܥ (sāḇēˁ, “to be satiated from food”).
- fullness, satiety (with food)Verbal noun of شَبِعَ (šabiʕa).
Western Neo-Aramaic
amw · 1 lemma- seven