q d š
23 lemmas · 7 languages
soundAll three consonants are regularT Gen.38.21
Themes:holy· مُقَدَّس · קָדוֹשׁ·7holiness·5sanctity·5sacred·3sanctify·3
POS shape:noun·10verb·6adj·4name·1root·1phrase·1
This root is attested across 7 Semitic languages in our index. Each section below shows representative lemmas; attested means a Wiktionary editor explicitly tagged the root, inferredmeans we derived it mechanically from the word's consonantal skeleton.
Etymology treehow this root diverged from Proto-Semitic through the family
*q-d-šProto-Semitic
West Semitic
Central Semitic
Northwest Semitic
Ugaritic𐎖𐎄𐎌𐎖 𐎄 𐎌— holy, sacred
Canaanite
Hebrewקָדֵשׁק ד שׁ— a male pagan prostitute
Phoenician𐤒𐤃𐤔𐤍𐤒 𐤃 𐤔— the holy ones
Aramaic
Imperial Aramaicקדשק ד ש— to sanctify, to be holy
Syriacܩܘܕܫܐܩ ܕ ܫ— holiness, sanctity
Assyrian NAܡܩܲܕܸܫܩ ܕ ܫ— to sanctify, consecrate, hallow
Arabic
Arabicقَيْدَ شَعْرَةٍق د ش— in the slightest, not at all, whatsoever, barely, not an inch
Branch structure: Huehnergard (2005), Rubin (2010). The reconstructed Proto-Semitic form is computed on the fly from the cognate set's majority reflex pattern.
Ugaritic
irregular reflexug · 2 lemmas- holy, sacredCompare Hebrew קָדוֹשׁ (qāḏōš).
- Qudshu, Qetesh (goddess)Compare Hebrew קָדוֹשׁ (qāḏōš).
Phoenician
irregular reflexphn · 1 lemma- the holy ones
Imperial Aramaic
arc · 1 lemma- to sanctify, to be holy
Classical Syriac
syc · 2 lemmas- holiness, sanctityFrom the root ܩ ܕ ܫ related to holiness. Compare Arabic قُدْس (quds) and Hebrew קֹדֶשׁ (qṓḏeš).
- holiness, sanctityFrom ܩܕܝܫ (qaddīš, “holy”), from the root ܩ ܕ ܫ related to holiness + the abstract noun ending -ܘܬܐ (-ūṯā).
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
aii · 8 lemmas- to sanctify, consecrate, hallowInherited from Aramaic קַדֵּשׁ (qaddiš); compare Hebrew קִדֵּשׁ (kidésh) and Arabic قَدَّسَ (qaddasa).
- holy, sacred, sainted, saintlyOf the adjective pattern 1a22ī3ā, Inherited from Aramaic קַדִּישָׁא (qaddīšā), from Proto-Semitic *ḳudš-; compare Hebrew קָדוֹשׁ (kadósh) and Arabic قِدِّيس (qiddīs).
- saint, holy person, holy one (also used of God and the angels)Of the adjective pattern 1a22ī3ā, Inherited from Aramaic קַדִּישָׁא (qaddīšā), from Proto-Semitic *ḳudš-; compare Hebrew קָדוֹשׁ (kadósh) and Arabic قِدِّيس (qiddīs).
- holiness, sanctityOf the noun pattern 1u23ā and inherited from Aramaic קֻודְשָׁא (quḏšā); Compare Arabic قُدْس (quds) and Hebrew קֹדֶשׁ (kódesh).
- hallowing, sanctificationVerbal noun of ܡܩܲܕܸܫ (mqaddiš, “to sanctify”); compare also borrowed into Arabic قُدَّاس (quddās).
- sacred, holy; sanctified, consecrated, hallowedPassive participle of ܡܩܲܕܸܫ (mqaddiš, “to sanctify”); compare Arabic مُقَدَّس (muqaddas).
- holiness, sanctityFrom ܩܲܕܝܼܫܵܐ (qadīšā, “holy”) + -ܘܬܐ (-ūṯā, the abstract noun ending).
- forming words pertaining to holiness and sanctityFrom Proto-Semitic *q-d-š (“holy, sacred”). Cognate with Arabic ق د س (q d s) and Hebrew ק־ד־שׁ (q-d-š). More at Q-D-Š.
Hebrew
he · 8 lemmas- a male pagan prostitute
- defective spelling of קודש
- to sanctify
- to devote, to dedicate, to allocateFrom the root ק־ד־ש (k-d-sh, “Forming words relating to holiness.”).
- feminine singular indefinite form of קָדוֹשׁ (kadósh)
- sanctification
- defective spelling of קידש
- defective spelling of קודש
Arabic
ar · 1 lemma- in the slightest, not at all, whatsoever, barely, not an inch